Ohrid School

Codex Assemanianus , 10th or 11th century

The Ohrid School was one of the two most important spiritual centers in the Bulgarian Empire since the 9th century. The term describes the literary and artistic activity in one or more monasteries in Ohrid and the surrounding area in what is now North Macedonia .

history

In the year 886 Kliment and other students of St. Method from the Moravian Empire came to the Bulgarian Empire at the invitation of Tsar Boris I. You should spread Christianity there. Kliment is said to have instructed around 3500 students between 886 and 893. Most of them were then distributed to the seven Bulgarian eparchies , in groups of 300 each, as priests and clergy . In 893 Naum took over the management of the school.

The Ohrid School played an important role in the spread of Christianity in Bulgaria and the introduction of Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical language and official language in the Bulgarian Empire. Numerous manuscripts in Glagolitic and Cyrillic script were created in Ohrid in the following centuries .

In contrast to the other centers in the Bulgarian Empire, the Ohrid School was able to develop even after the fall of the Bulgarian Empire and subsequently became a supraregional spiritual center of Orthodox Christianity in Southeast Europe . The establishment of the Archdiocese of Ohrid and the granting of its extensive autonomy during the reorganization in 1018 was conducive to this development.

Manuscripts from Ohrid

The following manuscripts were probably created in Ohrid

• Codex Assemanius , 10th or 11th century, in Glagolitic script
• Codex Zographensis (?), Late 10th or early 11th century, in Glagolitic script
• Codex Marianus (?), Early 11th century, in Glagolitic script
• Evangelium Achridanum ( Ohrid Glagolitic Leaves ), 11th century, in Glagolitic script
• Apostolar of Ohrid , 12th century, in Cyrillic script with two Glagolitic leaves
• Fragment of a menaion (two sheets, parts of an acolyte for John the Baptist and a canon for Peter and Paul, known since 1975, Glag.), 11./12. Jht., Ochrider School.

Wall painting

The painters of the late Byzantine Morava School come from the Ohrid School of Painting.

See also

• School of Preslaw
• Tarnowo School

literature

• Ohrid and his art treasury, ed. from the Ohrid Tourism Fund (German translation by Ivanka Krecova). Ohrid 1994.
• Günter Prinzing : Ohrid . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 6, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 1376–1380 School of Ohrid Sp. 1377.
• Article Okhrī (Ohrid) in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition , Brill, Leiden Vol. 8, 1995, pp. 164f.
• Article Ohrid in Richard Barrie Dobson : Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Volume 2 , Verlag Routledge, 2000, pp. 1044-1045.
• Hans-Dieter Döpmann : The religious development of Macedonia in Gabriella Schubert : Macedonia: Imprints and perspectives. Volume 1 of research on Southeast Europe , Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005, pp. 13–31 ISBN 3-447-05277-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hans-Dieter Döpmann.
2. ^ Günter Prinzing : Ohrid . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 6, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 1376-1380.
3. ↑ cf. Hanswilhelm Haefs: The golden empire of the Pamir-Bulgarians on the Danube and Wardar. 2009, p. 214. named the Ohrid School as the first Bulgarian university
4. ↑ Nicolina Trunte: словѣньскъи ѩзꙑкъ: A practical textbook of Church Slavonic in 30 lessons. At the same time an introduction to Slavic philology , vol. 1 ( Old Church Slavonic = Slavic contributions , volume 264 = study aids , volume I), 4th, reviewed edition, Verlag Otto Sagner, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-87690-480-3 , p. 21st