Schultheiss of Bern

Niklaus Friedrich von Steiger , last mayor of the old city and republic of Bern.

The mayor of Bern was the head of the imperial city of Bern until 1798 , later of the city ​​and republic of Bern , from 1803 to 1831 of the new republic of Bern and finally from 1831 to 1846 the president of the Bern government council .

history

Small bronze seal (by Johann Kaspar Mörikofer) and sealing bag by Niklaus Friedrich von Steiger.

In its beginnings, the city ​​had city rights based on the model of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau . The city lord appointed a mayor ( scultetus, causidicus ) as deputy . A document from 1223 names Rodolfus de Crohtal […] causidicus for the first time as a Bernese mayor. After the death of Berchtold V in 1218, the city of Bern fell to the king because it was built on the land of the king. From now on, the Roman-German king appointed the mayor or imperial bailiff , later possibly also Peter of Savoy , the patron ( defensor ) of Bern. With the Golden Handfeste (Golden Handfeste) , dated 1218, but possibly later issued , the Bernese council received the right to choose the mayor from among its members. However, it can be assumed that Bern had to contend for this right in the 13th century. Imperial bailiffs and imperial delegates are still mentioned in the sources in 1244 and 1255. An election of the mayor by the council (with confirmation by the king) might not have prevailed until the second half of the 13th century.

In 1293, King Adolf confirmed the Golden Handfeste in Zurich, granted the Bernese the right to choose a mayor themselves during an imperial vacancy , and looked in a second document for everything they had during the last imperial vacancy (July 1291 to May 1293) had appropriated. So the choice of the mayor was finally in the hands of the city. With the constitutional amendment of 1294 a Grand Council was created. Around 1300 the Bernese are so self-confident that they no longer see themselves as a royal city but as an imperial city, clearly distinguishing between the empire and the person of the respective ruler (king, emperor). Until 1533 the mayor was re-elected annually, from 1533 to 1585 for two years at a time and from 1585 to 1798 alternating with the old mayor until further notice.

After the Helvetic Republic, the election of the mayor was again up to the Grand Council until 1831. From 1831 to 1846 the mayor was chairman of the government council. Since 1846 the chairmen of the government council have been called the president.

Schultheissen of Bern

Until 1293

The preposition "von" can be a mere designation of origin and therefore does not say anything unequivocally about a person's status. In 1783, all burgers in the city of Bern were granted nobility quality and allowed to use the nobility particle «von». The term patrician was not used in the Bernese administration until 1651.

For the status, see: patriciate (Bern) .

coat of arms	Imperial bailiff and delegate	was standing	from	to	Remarks
	Theto of Ravensburg	Noble	1223		iudex domini imperatoris delegatus
	Aymon I of Montenach (exp. 1178/1192; † 1239)	Nobility , baron			Herr von Belp and Montenach , mayor of Payerne ; ∞ Gepa from Wolhusen
	Johann von Strättligen	Nobility , baron
	Berchtold Bogner	Nobility , knight	1244		officialem Domini Regis apud Berno
	Ulrich von Wippingen	Noble	1255		advocatus

coat of arms	Schultheiss	was standing	from	to	Remarks
	Rudolf von Krauchthal	Noble	1223	1224	causidicus ; a relationship to the notable family of Krauchthal cannot be proven
	Walter von Wädenswil	Nobility , baron	1223		unsure
	Cuno from Sumiswald	Noble	1225
	Cuno from Jegenstorf	Noble	1225	1226	his family is known as the Nobiles from around 1230
	Berthold Piscator (fisherman)	Notable	1227
	Peter I. Bubenberg	Noble	1235	1241
	Jacob von Grasburg	Noble	1239
	Wilhelm von Boll	Noble	1240
	Peter von Buchegg	Nobility , count	1253
	Burkard II of Egerdon	Noble	1256		mentioned in 1256, 1257 and 1265
	Heinrich I. von Bubenberg	Noble	1257	1263	Son of Peter I.
	Burkard II of Egerdon	Noble	1265
	Heinrich von Bubenberg (Heinrich I?)	Noble	1266
	Konrad II of Bubenberg	Noble	1268		Son of Peter I .; the notable Burkhard von Belpberg took over his deputy before the city court in 1268
	Kuno I. von Bubenberg	Noble	1269	1271	?
	Werner II of Kien	Nobility , baron	1271	1271
	Peter von Kramburg	Noble	1272	1279
	Niklaus von Münsingen	Noble	1283	1284	is mentioned from 1257
	Ulrich I. von Bubenberg	Noble	1284	1293	Son of Peter I.

1293 to 1798

Image / coat of arms	Schultheiss	was standing	society	from	to	Remarks
	Jakob von Kienberg	Noble		1293	1298	Herr zu Kienberg, was ousted as mayor in 1298
	Kuno Münzer	Notable		1298	1302
	Lorenz Münzer	Notable		1302	1319	Successor to his late father; when he was about 20 years old, he was one of the youngest mayors ever
	Johann II of Bubenberg	Noble		1319	1350	Son of Ulrich I.
	Berchtold von Rümligen	Noble		1320	1321
	Peter of Egerdon	Noble		1322	1323
	Johann I. d. Ä. from Bubenberg	Noble		1323	1327	Cousin of Johann II.
	Johann von Kramburg	Noble		1328	1333	Herr zu Kramburg
	Philip of Kien	Noble		1334	1338
	Peter von Balm	Notable		1350	1362	Son of Grand Councilor Jakob von Balm
	Konrad (II.) Vom Holz, called von Schwarzenburg	Notable		1352	1364	Son of Grand Councilor Konrad (I.) vom Holz
	Peter (III.) Von Seedorf	Notable		1354	1355
	Peter (IV.) The Younger from Krauchthal	Noble		1355	1364
	Kuno (Konrad) von Seedorf	Notable		1358	1382	Brother of Peter (III.) Von Seedorf
	Peter Schwab	Notable		1362	1363	Lord to Rümligen
	Johann III. d. J. von Bubenberg	Noble		1364	1367	Son of Johann II.
	Ulrich von Bubenberg	Noble		1367	1381	Son of Johann II.
	Jakob von Seftigen (II.)	Noble		1382	1383
	Otto von Bubenberg	Noble		1383	1393	Son of Johann II.
	Ludwig von Seftigen	Noble		1393	1407	Mitherr zu Oberhofen. Sealed the purchase of the Landgraviate of Burgundy from Count Egon II and his uncle Berchtold I of Neu-Kyburg on August 28, 1406
	Petermann von Krauchthal	Noble		1407	1418	Mr. zu Konolfingen
	Rudolf Hofmeister	Notable		1418	1446	1432 sealed the purchase of the Aarwangen dominion from Wilhelm von Grünenberg
	Ulrich von Erlach	Noble		1446	1456	Mr. zu Wyl and Jegenstorf
	Heinrich IV von Bubenberg	Noble	Thistle compulsion	1447	1463	Freiherr zu Spiez
	Rudolf von Ringoltingen	Notable , ennobled		1448	1455	Lord of Landshut
	Kaspar vom Stein	Noble	Thistle compulsion	1457	1463	Lord of Münsingen
	Thuringia from Ringoltingen	Notable , ennobled		1458	1468	Lord of Landshut
	Niklaus von Scharnachthal	Noble		1463	1476	Lord of Oberhofen
	Niklaus von Diesbach	Notable , ennobled		1465	1475	Herr zu Signau, Diessbach and Worb
	Adrian von Bubenberg	Noble	Thistle compulsion / mean lions	1468	1479	Freiherr zu Spiez
	Peter Kistler	Notable	Butchers / thistle compulsion	1470	1471	Mr. Goldbach
	Petermann von Wabern	Notable	Middle lions	1470	1477	Baron of Belp
	Rudolf von Erlach	Noble	Thistle compulsion	1479	1507	Mr. zu Jegenstorf, Wil, Erlach and Bümpliz
	Wilhelm von Diesbach	Notable , ennobled		1481	1517	Lord of Diessbach and Signau
	Heinrich Matter	Notable , knight	Middle lions	1495	1498
	Hans Rudolf von Scharnachthal	Noble	Thistle compulsion	1507	1512	Lord of Oberhofen
	Jakob von Wattenwyl	Notable	Pfistern	1512	1525
	Johann von Erlach	Noble		1519	1539	Baron to Spiez and Riggisberg, Lord to Jegenstorf and Hindelbank
	Sebastian von Diesbach	Notable , ennobled		1529	1531
	Hans Jakob von Wattenwyl	Notable	Pfistern	1533	1540	Lord of Colombier
	Hans Franz Nägeli	Notable	Forge	1540	1568	Lord of Münsingen and Bremgarten
	Hans Steiger	Notable , ennobled	Ober-Gerwern	1562	1580	Freiherr zu Rolle, Herr zu Münsingen
	Beat Ludwig von Mülinen	Noble		1568	1590
	Johann von Wattenwyl	Notable	Pfistern	1582	1589	1589 appalled
	Abraham von Graffenried	Notable	Pfistern	1590	1598
	Hans Rudolf Sager	Notable		1597	1621
	Albrecht Manuel	Notable , ennobled	Ober-Gerwern	1600	1631	Lord of Cronay
	Anton von Graffenried (I.)	Notable	Pfistern	1623	1628
	Franz Ludwig von Erlach	Noble		1629	1651	Freiherr zu Spiez
	Glado Weyermann	Notable	Middle lions	1663	1635
	Niklaus Dachselhofer	Notable	Ober-Gerwern	1636	1637
	Anton von Graffenried (II.)	Patrician	Pfistern	1651	1674	Lord of Carouge and Corcelles
	Samuel Frisching	Patrician	Butchers	1668	1683
	Sigmund von Erlach	Noble	Forge	1675	1699	Freiherr zu Spiez
	Johann Anton Kirchberger	Patrician		1684	1696	Herr zu Bremgarten
	Johann Rudolf Sinner	Patrician , baron	Middle lions	1696	1707	Elevated to the hereditary baron class.
	Emanuel von Graffenried	Patrician	Pfistern	1700	1714	Lord of Bellerive and Vallamand
	Johann Friedrich Willading	Patricians , ennobled	Butchers			Mr. zu Mattstetten and Urtenen
	Samuel Frisching	Patrician	Butchers	1715	1721	Lord to Rümligen
	Christoph Steiger (I.)	Patrician , baron	Ober-Gerwern	1718	1731	Theologian; raised to the imperial baron status
	Hieronymus von Erlach	Nobility , imperial count	Thistle compulsion	1721	1746	Mr. zu Hindelbank, Thunstetten, Bäriswil, Seedorf, Mattstetten, Jegenstorf and Urtenen; raised to imperial count .
	Isaak Steiger	Patrician	Ober-Gerwern	1732	1749	Mr. zu Gerzensee
	Christoph von Steiger (II.)	Patrician	Ober-Gerwern	1747	1758
	Karl Emanuel von Wattenwyl	Patrician	Pfistern	1750	1753	Baron of Belp
	Johann Anton Tillier	Patrician	Middle lions	1754	1771	died in office
	Albrecht Friedrich von Erlach	Nobility , imperial count	Thistle compulsion	1759	1786	Mr. zu Hindelbank, Thunstetten, Bäriswil, Seedorf, Mattstetten, Jegenstorf and Urtenen
	Friedrich Sinner	Patrician , baron	Middle lions	1771	1791	Freiherr zu Grandcour; died in office
	Niklaus Friedrich von Steiger	Patrician	Ober-Gerwern	1787	1798	Herr zu Montricher; last ruling mayor of the old city and republic of Bern
	Albrecht von Mülinen	Noble	Forge	1791	1797

1803 to 1831

image	Schultheiss	was standing	from	to	Remarks
	Niklaus Rudolf von Wattenwyl	Patrician	1803	1831	nominally last mayor
	Niklaus Friedrich von Mülinen	Nobility , count	1805	1826	was raised to the rank of count in 1816 by Emperor Franz I of Austria and his family
	Christoph Friedrich Freudenreich	Patrician	1807	1813
	Emanuel Friedrich von Fischer	Patrician	1827	1831	last ruling Schultheiss the Restoration, began in January 1831 peaceful transition to liberal regeneration state by

1831 to 1846

image	Schultheiss	Hometown	from	to	Remarks
	Karl Friedrich Tscharner	Bern	1831	1842
	Karl Anton von Lerber	Bern	1832	1833
	Franz Karl von Tavel	Bern	1835	1846
	Karl Neuhaus	Biel	1839

literature

• Karl Geiser: The constitution of old Bern . In: Festschrift for the VII. Secular celebration of the foundation of Bern, 1191–1891 . Schmid, Francke and Co., Bern 1891, p. 1–143 , here: Supplement I: Die Schultheissen von Bern, pp. 135–139 .
• Roland Gerber: Münzer contra Bubenberg, relationships and factions in the Bern Council at the beginning of the 14th century . In: Bern journal for history . 68th year, no. 4 , 2006, ISSN  0005-9420 , p. 179–234 ( PDF 779 kB [accessed January 13, 2020]).
• Max Jufer: The barons of Langenstein-Grünenberg . In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 37 . Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 1994 ( PDF; 3.58 MB ; [1] ).
• Max Jufer: How the Oberaargau became Bernese 600 years ago, In memory of August 27 and 28, 1406 . In: Yearbook of the Oberaargau . tape 49 . Merkur Druck AG, Langenthal 2006, p. 36–62 ( PDF; 1.5 MB [accessed November 22, 2010]).
• August Plüss: The barons of Grünenberg in Kleinburgund . In: Archives of the Historical Association of the Canton of Bern . tape XVI , no. 1 . Stämpfli, Bern 1900 ( online - inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate submitted to the high philosophical faculty of the University of Bern).
• Ernst Schweikert: The German, noble families of the Bernese Oberland up to the middle of the 14th century . A contribution to the history of the development of the stands in the Middle Ages. P. Hauptmann'sche Buchdruckerei, Bonn 1911 (inaugural dissertation to obtain a doctorate, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität Bonn).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Zeerleder Urkunden 1, p. 208. in the Google book search
2. ^ Anne-Marie Dubler and Hans Grütter: Bern (community). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
3. ^ Regesta Imperii 7 n.176
4. ^ Regesta Imperii 7 n.179
5. ^ Beat Junker, Anne-Marie Dubler: Bern (Canton). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
6. ↑ The government presidents since 1893 - Présidentes et présidents du Conseil-exécutif depuis 1893. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Government Council - Conseil-exécutif. State Archives of the Canton of Bern, pp. 38–40 , formerly in the original ; accessed on January 3, 2011 (German, French).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
7. ↑ Deliciae urbis Bernae, p. 23 in the Google book search
8. ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 213, note 134.
9. ^ Franziska Hälg-Steffen: Jegistorf [Jegenstorf], from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
10. ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 185.
11. ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 186 (table), p. 206.
12. ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 182.
13. ↑ Gerber 2006: p. 179.
14. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Gerber 2006: p. 225.
15. ↑ Jufer 2006: p. 36.
16. ↑ Jufer 1994: p. 191.
17. ↑ Plüss 1900: p. 6.

Web links

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