Schutter (Danube)
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Schutter upper course: Johannisgraben lower course: Künettegraben |
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 The Schutter according to its origin |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | EN : 1336 | |
| location |
Bavaria
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| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Danube → Black Sea | |
| source | "Schutterquelle" on Galgenberg north of Wellheim 48 ° 49 '42 " N , 11 ° 5' 23" E |
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| Source height | approx. 395 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | in Ingolstadt in the Danube Coordinates: 48 ° 45 ′ 25 " N , 11 ° 25 ′ 27" E 48 ° 45 ′ 25 " N , 11 ° 25 ′ 27" E |
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| Mouth height | 361 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | approx. 34 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.96 ‰ | |
| length | 35.3 km with the upper course Johannisgraben and lower course Künettegraben |
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| Catchment area | 116.46 km² | |
The Schutter is a left tributary of the Danube that runs in the Altmühltal Nature Park and in the urban area of Ingolstadt .
Surname
The name is derived from the Celtic “scutar-a” = sandy-muddy water.
geography
Upper course
The upper course of the Schutter, called Johannisgraben , rises at about 473 m above sea level. NN in Waldgewann Pfahlstriegel about 1.2 km north of Wellheim - Hard in the Eichstätt district . From here it runs roughly westward, occurs after about 1.2 km below the old castle rock in the Urdonauschlinge to circulation Bergrest Gallows Hill ( 447 m above sea level. NN ) whose scratch 410- 390 m above sea level. NN , moves from here in the trench through Wellheim- Aicha further west and past the north side of the Galgenberg. At the Naturfreundehaus at the western end of the Umlaufberg, it bends to the left and south and immediately after about 2.9 km below its source it reaches the Schutter spring.
Debris source
On cards as Schutter source reported Jurassic - karst spring includes some source pots at the foot of the Galgenberg to about 395 m above sea level. NN , which were exposed again as part of a renaturation measure in 2007. Some trenches from the quite large valley plain and springs reinforce the Schutter, which then runs south through Wellheim, only to bend left to east-south-east, which it roughly maintains to the mouth.
course
The Schutter flows first through the Wellheimer dry valley , then through the Schuttertal, named after it, but not formed by it, which branches off east- south- east from it. The Urdonau cleared this out of today's Altmühltal towards the end of the Rift Ice Age after it was relocated . Danube gravel lies about seven meters deep below the current valley floor of the Schutter.
It flows through the towns of Wellheim , Feldmühle , Meilenhofen , Zell an der Speck , Nassenfels and Dünzlau. In Ingolstadt , where it has been underground since 1875 and was diverted to the fortress ditch of Ingolstadt, the Künettegraben , in 1972 , it flows 35.2 km after the Johannisgraben - and 32 km after the Schutterquelle after only 34 meters of gradient from the last from the left the Danube .
Catchment area
The Schutter drains over 116 km² east-south-east to the Danube. Its catchment area is a tube that is almost 37 km long in this direction and is nowhere even 8 km wide across it. Its sections furthest from the mouth are still 10 km west of the upper course bend in the direction of Johannisgraben and Schutter through Wellheim in the Blossenau district of the Tagmersheim community . There the short northwest watershed separates the drainage area of the Altmühl tributary Gailach , the following long north from that of the Frankenalb- Altmühl itself. Then the catchment area border runs flatter before the Mailingen Bach a bit in the southeast towards the confluence with the Danube.
On the right watershed in the south, the Danube itself, which does not receive any significant left tributaries here, competes from the mouth upwards to the Hainberg northeast of Rennertshofen, from where the catchment area of the Ussel running to the Danube borders on the last, west-northwest running part of the total watershed.
history
The Speckberg between Nassenfels and Zell an der Speck was a hunting station of Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) of the Ice Age , as well as the ancient Danube Reef, on the later wet Felser castle was built. This is also where the band ceramist left the first traces of people becoming settled. All epochs can be traced after him.
On the Schutterberg , where the Schutter leaves the Wellheimer dry valley, there is a circular hill , the "Schutterbergschanze". This ring wall system with a total circumference of 400 meters was probably built in Celtic times. The hilltop castle was secured on the east side with a moat and palisade ; all other sides offered a natural protection through steep slopes.
Nearby, the Celts dug for Bohner ore , from which they melted iron at the foot of the Schutterberg. Later, the ore was brought to the prince-bishop's ironworks in Obereichstätt after it had been “washed” in the Schutter, that is, it had been separated from the dead rock. The name of the mill "Bauchenwerk" (Pochwerk), which is about one kilometer downhill from the Schutterbergschanze and which is now sold, suggests that it was associated with iron extraction on the Schutterberg.
Due to frequent flooding, a rubble ordinance was issued as early as the 15th century. The Schutter was straightened in 1853–58 and again in 1926–29. The water-bearing Speckgraben, which runs roughly parallel to the Schutter, is a drainage ditch that was created as part of these Schutter regulations.
The Schutter valley is largely undeveloped and is partly still used as grassland.
The Schutter operated 22 mills until they were regulated, 14 of which still exist according to their name: Feldmühle, Sächenfartmühle , Speckmühle, Aumühle, Ober- and Unterhaidmühle, Wolkertshofer Mühle, Moosmühle, Reinboldsmühle, Dünzlauer Mühle, Heindlmühle, Ochsenmühle, Schaumühle and Spitzlmühle.
There were also numerous mills in the Ingolstadt area, and other water-dependent operations (tanneries, slaughterhouses) were located on the lower reaches of the Schutter. With the Brodmühle there is a preserved, albeit no longer in operation, mill on Ingolstadt soil. The one with the Sandtnermodellen detectable Ross drinking and fire water ponds of the Middle Ages no longer exist.
Openings through which watercourses flow into and out of fortified cities are always a weak point of the fortress. For this reason, a special system was built to defend this neuralgic point at the entry point of the Schutter into the state fortress of Ingolstadt called Schutterhof . The course of the Schutter was later relocated, so that today it flows into the Künettegraben immediately in front of the Schutterhof and no longer flows through the inner city area.
The concrete pools of the military baths were later built inside the Schutterhof . In addition, the former outdoor pool included the Winklermühle's mill pond . There is a beer garden in the Schutterhof . The Künettegraben was also used for ice skating in winter; Today, as part of the glacis, it is part of the Ingolstadt recreational area or the Ingolstadt green lung.
Others
- A cycling and hiking trail runs in the Schuttertal.
- Valuable vegetation structures have developed along the Schutter.
- There are larger fen areas in the valley . The Schuttermoos is an area worth protecting.
- In Ingolstadt, a Schuttermothergottes is venerated , who was previously worshiped in the Ingolstadt Schutterkapelle, which was demolished in 1470, and is now in the Franciscan Church.
- In the Schuttertal near Wolkertshofen, the so-called Gleßbrunnen are the strongest karst springs in the Eichstätter area. The springs of the five spring ponds bring up about 700 liters per second from a great depth. The flowing stream flows into the Schutter after a kilometer.
literature
- Notice board at the Schutterquelle on Galgenberg
- Heinz Mittel: The Schutterbergschanze . In: The same: Walks in the Wellheimer Tal , Ingolstadt: 2nd edition 1981, pp. 56–58
- Galgenberg and Schutterquelle near Wellheim . In: Karl Zecherle and Toni Murböck: Nature worth seeing in the Eichstätt district , Eichstätt: Landratsamt 1982, p. 68f.
- Karl Heinz Rieder: The Schuttertal as a habitat for early humans. In: Nassenfels. Contributions to the natural and cultural history of the middle Schuttertal , Kipfenberg: Hercynia 1986, pp. 83-106
- Katrin Krauss: Tamed, hidden and secretly loved. The Schutter, once the lifeline of the Ingolstadt-based people, is now leading an undeserved shadowy existence. In: Sunday . Supplement to the Donau-Kurier Ingolstadt from 12./13. November 1994
- Hans Scharpf: The Schutter: From the source to the mouth in the Danube. The Ingolstadt Schutterlauf then and now. Verlag Donau Courier, Ingolstadt, 2nd unchanged edition 2003
Web links
- Course of the Schutter on the BayernAtlas
- Catchment area of the Schutter on the online map server map service water management of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment
- To the Schutter
- To the Gleßbrunnen
- To the Schutter Muttergotteskapelle in Ingolstadt
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Directory of the brook and river areas in Bavaria - Lech to Naab river area, page 31 of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 2.9 MB)
- ↑ Bayernviewer of the Bavarian Surveying Administration ( Memento of the original of April 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
