Black nationalism

The Black Nationalism is a political and social movement primarily in the United States . He assumes the unity of a black people, partly a black race in North America , and emphasizes the historical and cultural roots of black Americans in Africa . Black nationalism demands the self-determination of black people in their own nation .

Concept and meaning

Conceptually, black nationalism is the answer to the racist American nationalism of the McCarthy era by the socially privileged white majority population. Ultimately, many supporters of black nationalism hold out the prospect of the creation of their own black nation by Afro-Americans . As a conscious alternative to assimilation to the American nation, which is overwhelmingly white, black nationalists seek to define, maintain and promote their own identity as a people of black ancestry. Black nationalists are fighting for economic self-government, black pride in America and black separatism . They differ in their demands to a large extent from the civil rights movement , u. a. on the idea of Martin Luther King , who based on equality, d. H. radical equality of the black population and thus assimilation. Black nationalism intersects with the black power movement . With the slogans Black Power, Black is beautiful u. a. the movement tries to create a sense of pride among black Americans.

development

Black nationalism is a political and social movement primarily in the United States. It experienced its heyday in the 1960s and 1970s.

However, the idea can be dated back to the 19th century: the black physicist and journalist Martin Delany demanded that black Americans establish their own black nation in Africa as early as the mid-1860s. Around 1920, the Jamaican pan-Africanist Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association to enable People of Color to have an economic lobby on the one hand and to create a group identity for black people on the other.

In 2016, the Southern Poverty Law Center pointed out that violent Black nationalism was on the rise again after the increased racist attacks by the police against mostly black young men. Black nationalism not only consists of the rejection of whites, but is also anti-Semitic and homophobic .

literature

• Albert Scharenberg : Black Nationalism in the USA. The Malcolm X revival . Westfälisches Dampfboot, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89691-433-2 (also dissertation , FU Berlin ).
• Alphonso Pinkney: Red, black, and green: Black nationalism in the United States. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1979, ISBN 978-0-521-29459-1 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Black Nationalism. Encyclopedia entry. (No longer available online.) In: King Institute Encyclopedia. The Marting Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University , archived from the original on January 6, 2018 ; accessed on February 20, 2018 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ^ Black nationalism | United States history . In: Encyclopedia Britannica . ( britannica.com [accessed January 28, 2018]).
3. ^ Return of the Violent Black Nationalist . In: Southern Poverty Law Center . ( splcenter.org [accessed January 28, 2018]).