Schwyzerörgeli
The Schwyzerörgeli ( Swiss German for "Swiss organ" or "Schwyzer organ", see section History ) is a variant of the diatonic accordion that is mainly used in Swiss folk music . The bass is monotonous and represents the forerunner of the Stradella bass . Modern instruments are usually equipped with three rows of keys in the treble. Although the treble is basically alternating tones and essentially follows a diatonic arrangement, the way it is played differs significantly from other diatonic hand pull instruments, and the construction also differs greatly from simple diatonic instruments. Compact construction with cassotto and a bellows with leather corner protector are typical features of the Örgeli today. The Örgeli is available with two or three courses with and without a tremolo . In most cases the notes are without tremolo.
history
The forerunners of the Schwyzerörgelis were the so-called Langnauerli , which were produced in Langnau in the Emmental from 1836 . The first Schwyzerörgelibauer was Robert Iten (1859-1918) from Pfäffikon in the canton of Schwyz. Whether the Schwyzerörgeli got its name from the canton Schwyz or from the dialect form of Switzerland ( Swiss-German Schwyz ) cannot be decided in the end.
Manufacturer
The best-known and still very popular instruments are certainly the Nussbaumer and old Eichhorns .
Joseph Nussbaumer was born in Schwyz in 1882 and is often referred to as the Stradivarius of the Schwyzerörgelibaues. Together with Alois Eichhorn and Ernst Salvisberg, he is one of the first manufacturers of Schwyzerörgeli. His Örgeli stand out from the other instruments primarily in terms of sound. Josef Nussbaumer not only made black orchestras , but also accordions and eight bass club models. But special versions with four melody rows were also produced. The history of the Nussbaumer company is very eventful, it changed name, location and owner a few times. The period from 1920 to 1929 is considered the high point in terms of the quality of the instruments produced. A Nussbaumer to own is a dream for most Swiss accordion player. It is not uncommon for enthusiasts to pay top prices for such an instrument.
Today there are a number of Schwyzerörgeli manufacturers who specialize in copying the Nussbaumer original. The best-known include Josef Gwerder in Schwyz, the Ämmitaler-Örgeli , the Zürcher-Schmidig Örgeli (Zürcher and Schmidig have been independent since 2009) and the Stradivarius- Schwyzerörgeli by Beat Kollegger from Alvaneu. With the last two manufacturers, only a few instruments leave the workshop each year.
Another manufacturer of Schwyzerörgeli is u. a. Musig Ott from Unteriberg.
Festivals and celebrations
In addition to the traditional music groups with Schwyzerörgeli, there have been so-called large formations with ten or more Schwyzerörgeli and a double bass since the 1960s . Since 1997, they have been organizing the Eidgenössische Länders-Großformen -Fest (ELGF) every four years , most recently on the second weekend in September 2017 in Wattwil SG.
Well-known Schwyzerörgelplayers
Well-known Schwyzerörgelplayers were or are u. a. Dominik Marty , Rees Gwerder , Josias Jenny , Ernst Jakober , Hitsch Jenny , Peter Zinsli , Hausi Straub , Res Schmid , Willi Valotti , Josef Stump , Balz Schmidig , Franz Schmidig sen., Arno Jehli , Paul Lüönd , Alois Lüönd , Daniel Lüönd , Martin Schütz , Peter Grossen and Robin Mark . Many of the numerous Ländler bands are referred to as Schwyzerörgeliduett, trio or quartet.
Albin Brun also made the instrument accessible to jazz- oriented improvisation.
The Schwyzerörgeli with the Yeniche
The Yeniche in Switzerland also prefer the Schwyzerörgeli for their music, in which they mix their own traditional rhythms and melodies with Swiss folk music.
Fränzli Waser (1858–1895) was one of the first to introduce hand organs and Schwyzerörgeli to Bündner folk music in Graubünden .
In western Switzerland today, the Yeniche also like to mix country music with a style of French origin on their Schwyzerörgeli: the musette . Well-known representatives of this style are the musicians from the Werro and Mülhauser families. Joseph Mülhauser, also known by the stage name Counousse, establishes connections in his music between the Länders and the music of the Roma and Sinti , especially gypsy jazz .
The film unheard of Jenisch (2017, directed by Karoline Arn, Martina Rieder) thematizes the influence of the Yeniche on country music, especially in Graubünden. In addition to and together with Stephan Eicher , the Bündner Spitzbueba (Patrick Waser and Peter Gehring Schwyzerörgeli, Martin Waser double bass) appear in the film . Other protagonists are the formations Moser Buaba, Vazer Buaba, Obervazer Töbelifäzer, the Älplerchörli Obervaz and AlpTon .
literature
- Ernst Roth: Schwyzerörgeli. An instrument lore and guide for folk music lovers. AT-Verlag, Aarau 1993, ISBN 978-3-85502-104-8 .
- Ernst Roth: Schwyzerörgeli. A cultural history and a science of instruments. AT-Verlag, Aarau 1983, ISBN 978-3-85502-454-4 .
Web links
- The history of the Aemmitaler-Örgeli (aemmitaler-oergeli.ch)
- The Schwyzerörgeli story (ott-oergeli.ch)
- About Örgeli (reist-oergeli.ch)
- Original model of the Swiss accordion, the so-called "Langnauerli" (balbuluz.blogspot.com)
- Research and information about the Schwyzerörgeli (balbuluz.blogspot.com)
- Blog with pictures of an open instrument (ukebert.wordpress.com)
- Comprehensive information on the Innerschwyzer Schwyzerörgeliquartett (mosibuebe.ch)
- Federal Lander Large Formation Festival (ELGF)