Silk rose

Silk rose
	Silk rose ( Rosa sericea )
Systematics
Order :	Rose-like (rosales)
Family :	Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily :	Rosoideae
Genre :	Roses ( pink )
Subgenus :	pink
Type :	Silk rose
Scientific name
	Rosa sericea
	Lindl.

The Rosa sericea ( Rosa sericea ) is a plant from the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). This form-rich species is widespread from India via Sikkim , Bhutan to Myanmar and China .

description

Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine , Volume 86 = Ser. 3, volume 16, plate 5200, 1860

Rose hip crowned by four upright sepals

For the description of the variety Omei rose ( Rosa sericea var. Omeiensis ) see there; here the description of the variety Rosa sericea var. sericea :

Appearance and leaf

Rosa sericea grows as an independently upright shrub that reaches heights of 1 to 2 meters. The branches are relatively strong. With regard to the spines , this species is rich in form: spines may be absent. Often the fine to strong spines sit in pairs below the leaves and with a length of 1.2 centimeters, stalk-round. In the so-called “barbed wire rose”, the spines are wing-like with a length of 1.2 centimeters and a diameter of 3.5 centimeters. Sometimes there are also closely spaced bristles.

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade and are 3.5 to 8 centimeters long. The petiole and the rhachis leaf are hairy, sometimes sparsely prickly, and hairy with glandular and downy hair. The leaf blade is pinnate unpaired with rarely five, usually seven to eleven leaflets. The pinna leaflets are at a length of 8 to 20 mm and a width of 5-8 millimeters ovate or obovate, rare obovate to oblong with wide-wedge base and rounded-blunt or pointed upper end. The edge of the leaflets is serrated at the top and smooth at the bottom. The underside of the leaflets is hairy, silky, shaggy or almost glabrous to glabrous and may have glands, and the top is glabrous and wrinkled. The two stipules are fused with the petiole and the free area is eyed with a glandular edge and hairy or glabrous.

Flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from May to June in China and from May to August in India. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils. The 1 to 2 centimeter long peduncle is bare. Bracts are missing.

The hardly scented, hermaphroditic flowers are 2.5 to 5 centimeters in diameter and have a radial symmetry with a double flower envelope . The almost bare flower cup (hypanthium) is obovate or spherical. It is noticeable that the flowers are only four-fold, while most types of roses have five-fold flowers. The four free sepals are ovate-lanceolate with a pointed or pointed upper end, with entire margins and sparsely downy hairy or almost bald and shaggy on the upper side. The four free white petals are obovate with a broad, wedge-shaped base and an edged upper end. There are many stamens present. The free shaggy hairy styles are shorter than the stamens and protrude only slightly above the petals.

The bare fruit stalk is 1 to 2 centimeters long and usually not fleshy. The rose hips, which are red, purple-brown or yellow when ripe, have a diameter of 8 to 15 millimeters and are obovate or spherical and bare. The rose hips are crowned by four durable, upright sepals. The fruits ripen in China from July to August.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 7; there is diploidy , i.e. 2n = 14.

Occurrence

Rosa sericea var. Sericea is distributed from India (only in Assam and the Himalaya region, Himachal Pradesh ) via Sikkim , Bhutan to northern Myanmar and China . In China, it thrives in light forests, on the edge of the forest, in bushes, on valley slopes, in dry valleys, on rock faces, on mountain peaks, on scree and in dry, sunny locations at altitudes of 2000 to 4400 meters in the provinces of Guizhou , Sichuan , and Yunnan as well in the Tibet Autonomous Region . spread. Rosa sericea var. Omeiensis thrives in pine forests, thickets, bushes, on pastures and slopes at altitudes from 700 to 4,000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Gansu , Guizhou, Hubei , Ningxia , Qinghai , Shaanxi , Sichuan, Yunnan and the Tibet Autonomous Region.

Flowers and pinnate leaves of the "barbed wire rose" ( Rosa sericea f. Pteracantha )

Spines and pinnate leaves of the "barbed wire rose" ( Rosa sericea f. Pteracantha )

Systematics

The first description of Rosa sericea was in 1820 by John Lindley in Rosarum Monographia , pp. 105-106, plate 12. The specific epithet sericea means silky.

The Rosa sericea complex was controversial; common are the four-fold flowers. Since 2008 only the two species Rosa mairei H.Lév belong to this complex . and Rosa sericea . For example, the Omei rose ( Rosa omeiensis ) was listed as a separate species in the Flora of China in 2003. In 2008 Wei et al. examined extensive herbarium material and examined the pollen morphology and seed coat structure. Wei et al. could show that it is a variety Rosa sericea var. omeiensis .

The species Rosa sericea and belongs to the section Pimpinellifoliae from the subgenus Rosa in the genus Rosa .

Since 2008 there have been two varieties of Rosa sericea :

Rosa sericea Lindl. var. sericea ( Syn . : Rosa sericea Wall. ex Lindl. are: Rosa tetrapetala Royle , Rosa wallichii Tratt. , Rosa omeiensis f. glandulosa T.T.Yu & TCKu , Rosa omeiensis f. pteracantha Rehder & EHWilson , Rosa sericea f. glandulosa TT Yu & TCKu , Rosa sericea f. Glabrescens Franchet , Rosa sericea f. Pteracantha Franchet )
Rosa Omeiensis ( Rosa sericea var. Omeiensis ) (Rolfe) GDRowley (Syn .: Pink omeiensis Rolfe , Rosa sericea f. Inermieglandulosa Focke , Rosa sericea f. Aculeatoeglandulosa Focke , Pink Sorbus H.Lév. , Rosa omeiensis f. Paucijuga TTYu & TCKu , Rosa sericea f. Glandulosa T.T.Yu & TCKu )

use

The rose hips have a high tannin content of 16%. They are used for medicinal purposes and for fermenting wine. The rose hips are eaten raw or cooked. The rose hip has only a thin layer around the many seeds that can be used. Be careful, you have to be sure that you have removed all seed hairs. The seed hairs cause problems in the mouth and digestive tract. The seeds are a good source of vitamin E. The seeds can be ground and mixed with flour and used as an additive to other foods. The medical effects were examined.

Especially the form called "barbed wire rose" Rosa sericea var. Omeiensis f. pteracantha is used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens in temperate areas .

Common names in other languages

Trivial names in other languages are:

English language: Silky Rose
Hindi: जंगली गुलाब Jangali-gulab, dhurkunja, shedham, टॆशु Teshu, बन गुलाब Ban gulab
Nepali: भॊटे गुलाफ Bhote gulaf
Chinese: 绢毛蔷薇 juan mao qiang wei

swell

Gu Cuizhi, Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa. : Rosa sericea , p. 354 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8
Xiao-Mei Wei, Xin-Fen Gao, Li-Bing Zhang: A systematic study of Rosa sericea (Rosaceae) complex: Are R. omeiensis and R. sericea conspecific? In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 46, Issue 6, 2008, pp. 919-928. Full text PDF. (Only the introduction and the identification key are in English, the main part in Chinese language / script.)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Gu Cuizhi, Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa. : Rosa sericea , p. 354 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Xiao-Mei Wei, Xin-Fen Gao, Li-Bing Zhang: A systematic study of Rosa sericea (Rosaceae) complex: Are R. omeiensis and R. sericea conspecific? In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 46, Issue 6, 2008, pp. 919-928. Full text PDF. (Only the introduction and the identification key are in English, the main part in Chinese language / script.)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g data sheet at Flowers of India online
↑ Rosa sericea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ ^A ^b Rosa sericea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
↑ Rosa sericea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
^ ^A ^b Gu Cuizhi, Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa. : Rosa omeiensis , p. 354 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8
^ Lindley scanned in at botanicus.org in 1820 .
↑ Rosa sericea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 20, 2014.
↑ Rosa sericea at Plants For A Future . Retrieved November 20, 2014.
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 774).

Web links

Commons : Silk Rose ( Rosa sericea ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Gu Cuizhi, Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa. : Rosa sericea , p. 354 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8

[Wei2008-2] Xiao-Mei Wei, Xin-Fen Gao, Li-Bing Zhang: A systematic study of Rosa sericea (Rosaceae) complex: Are R. omeiensis and R. sericea conspecific? In: Journal of Systematics and Evolution , Volume 46, Issue 6, 2008, pp. 919-928. Full text PDF. (Only the introduction and the identification key are in English, the main part in Chinese language / script.)

[FlowersOfIndiaNet-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g data sheet at Flowers of India online

[IPCN-4] Rosa sericea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[GRIN-5] A ^b Rosa sericea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 20, 2014.

[FoP-6] Rosa sericea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[FoComeiensis-7] A ^b Gu Cuizhi, Kenneth R. Robertson: Rosa. : Rosa omeiensis , p. 354 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8

[Lindley1820-8] Lindley scanned in at botanicus.org in 1820 .

[Tropicos-9] Rosa sericea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 20, 2014.

[PFAF-10] Rosa sericea at Plants For A Future . Retrieved November 20, 2014.

[Botanica2003-11] Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 774).