Septoria

Septoria
Septoria tritici
Systematics
Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Dothideomycetes Subclass : Dothideomycetidae Order : Sooty fungus (Capnodiales) Family : Mycosphaerellaceae Genre : Septoria
Scientific name
Septoria
Sacc.

Septoria is a large genus of tubular mushrooms with 1000 to 2000 species, depending on the author, that live parasitically on plants. They include some important pests of the grain such as Septoria tritici , the causative agent of leaf drought on wheat , triticale , rye and grasses .

features

It is an anamorphic genus . If main fruit forms ( teleomorphs ) are known, they belong to the genera Mycosphaerella and Phaeosphaeria .

Septoria species are koelomycetes that form their spores ( conidia ) in so-called pycnidia . The long, sausage-shaped hyaline conidia with a length: width ratio of at least 10: 1 are typical of the species. They are one to many septate, can be straight or curved, are smooth. They can be constricted at the septa. Due to the size of the taxon, the species can be confused with many other imperfect genera. The species of the genus Stagonospora , which used to belong to Septoria , have much shorter hyaline conidia with thick-walled pycnidia. Also, Septoria's pycnidia are usually dark. Cylindrosporium - species make their conidia in acervuli and not in pycnidia that break usually irregular in the host tissue and are mostly covered with a layer of host tissue. Phloespora also forms acervuli.

Ecology and diffusion

Septoria species usually trigger a wide variety of necroses on the leaves of their host plants and occur worldwide in a large number of ecosystems, both on herbaceous and woody plants. There are generalists with a very wide distribution area and a wide range of species. Others are specialized in individual plants or adapted to certain ecosystems such as moist, mesophilic mountain forests. But species from dry arid areas are also known.

meaning

There are numerous pests among the numerous species. Septoria tritici , the causative agent of leaf drought on wheat, is significant in Central Europe . On the other hand, the causative agent of the leaf and hull browning of wheat, Phaeosphaeria nodorum with the anamorphic Stagonospora nodorum , formerly called Septoria nodorum , is now included in the genus Stagonospora . Another economically important pest is Septoria lycopersici on tomatoes , which causes brown, punctiform necroses on the leaves.

Taxonomy and types

Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that Septoria is not monophyletic. In addition, it was found that the characteristic of the conidiomata (pycnidia or acervulus) has little importance for phylogeny, so maintaining the separation of the two genera Phloeospora and Septoria was described as untenable.

As mentioned, the genus includes 1000 to 2000 species. 79 species are known in Turkey alone. The Austrian mushroom database lists the following species:

• Maple Septoria , maple septum mushroom ( Septoria aceris (Lib.) Berk. & Broome)
• Giersch Septoria ( Septoria aegopodii Desm.)
• Septoria armoraciae Sacc.
• Septoria caricinella Sacc. & Roum.
• Septoria caricis pass.
• Septoria caricis-montanae Vestergr.
• Dogwood septoria ( Septoria cornicola Desm.)
• Septoria cyclaminis Durieu & Mont.
• Fleabane Septoria ( Septoria erigerontis Berk. & MA Curtis)
• Clove root septoria ( Septoria gei Roberge ex Desm.)
• Cranesbill Septoria ( Septoria geranii Roberge ex Desm.)
• Sunflower Septoria ( Septoria helianthi Ellis & Kellerm.)
• Septoria heraclei (Lib.) Desm.
• Septoria lineolata Sacc. & Speg.
• Septoria oenotherae west end.
• Single -leaf Septoria ( Septoria paridis Pass.)
• Pear Septoria ( Septoria pyricola Desm.)
• Septoria polygoni Desm.
• Septoria ribis (Lib.) Desm.
• Scabiosic Septoria ( Septoria scabiosicola Desm.)
• Septoria sisymbrii Niessl
• Septoria sonchifolia Cooke
• Ziest-Septoria ( Septoria stachydis Roberge & Desm.)
• Septoria villarsiae Desm.
• Mycosphaerella rubi Roark ( Septoria rubi )

literature

• B. Cunfer, P. Ueng: TAXONOMY AND IDENTIFICATION OF SEPTORIA AND STAGONOSPORA SPECIES ON SMALL-GRAIN CEREALS. In: Annual Review of Phytopathology. 1999; 37, pp. 267-284.
• F. Selçuk, M. Erdoğdu, H. Akgül, E. Hüseyin: The genus Septoria Sacc. in Turkey. In: Mycopath. 2009; 7, pp. 21-28.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ PM Kirk, PF Cannon, JC David, JA Stalpers: Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of The Fungi. CABI Publishing, Cambridge 2001.
2. ^ V. Markevičius: New data on the fungi of Septoria Fr. Genus in Lithuania. In: Botanica Lithuanica. 1996; 2/1, pp. 49-63.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} B. Cunfer, P. Ueng: TAXONOMY AND IDENTIFICATION OF SEPTORIA AND STAGONOSPORA SPECIES ON SMALL-GRAIN CEREALS. In: Annual Review of Phytopathology. 1999; 37, pp. 267-284.
4. ^ BC Sutton: The Coelomycetes Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata. In: Common Wealth Mycol. Institute, Kew, Surrey, England 2004.
5. ^ ^{A b c} F. Selçuk, M. Erdoğdu, H. Akgül, E. Hüseyin: The genus Septoria Sacc. in Turkey. In: Mycopath. 2009; 7, pp. 21-28.
6. ↑ speciesfungorum.org
7. ↑ Septoria Leaf Spot of Tomato ( Memento of the original from August 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ↑ GJM Verkley, M. Starink-Willemse, A. van Iperen, ECA Abeln: Phylogenetic analyzes of Septoria species based on the ITS and LSU-D2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. In: Mycologia. 2004; 96, pp. 558-571.
9. ↑ austria.mykodata.net