Settlement colony
Settlement colonies were a form of colonization that emerged at the time of the European colonial empires. There was an increasing distinction between settlement colonies and other colonies.
Settlement colonies were supposed to absorb the birth surplus of the mother country, and not infrequently also to defuse social tensions in the mother country by making it easier to set up a business. But they could also accommodate penal colonies. The extent to which the pre-population was displaced depends not least on the duration of colonial rule and the subsequent immigrant states (not to be confused with the term immigration country ). Some former settlement colonies are now states with European nationals outside Europe. In others, the pre-population remained in the majority and is now a state people . In settlement colonies that had become independent as immigrant states, settlers from countries other than the former motherland often settled, especially those who had no or only late colonies themselves, as well as members of oppressed minorities . This is especially true for the USA and Argentina . In relation to the state of its current national territory at the beginning of the 20th century, Israel is also a settlement colony that has become independent as an immigrant state , even if the immigration of the persecuted European Jews into the League of Nations mandate for Palestine took place against the will of the British mandate power.
The remaining colonies were acquired for reasons of power politics. Their economy was geared towards the interests of the mother country with little or no immigration .
In some Caribbean countries the pre-population was displaced less by the colonizers themselves than by the slaves they imported from Africa .
List of settlement colonies
- Settlement colony of Australia
- New Australia in Paraguay
- Settlement colonies in Germany , apart from the medieval eastern colonization :
- German South West Africa , today's Namibia
- Nueva Germania in Paraguay
- Settlement colonies in France :
- Québec , later British
- Algeria
- New Caledonia
- Settlement colony of the Netherlands :
- Cape Colony , later British
- Settlement Colonies of Great Britain :
- Northern Ireland , see also Ulster Plantation
- the later USA , initially v. a. the 13 colonies on the east coast
- Canada
- Australia
- New Zealand
- British settlers also settled in some South and East African colonies - but not in West Africa - but they always represented and still represent a wealthy and influential minority there compared to the autochthonous African population, but numerically very small, for example in Kenya and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe ). South Africa is a special case , where British settlers settled in large numbers, but always remained in the minority both vis-à-vis the Africans and the settlers of Dutch origin, the Boers .
- Settlement colony of Portugal :
- Settlement Colonies of Spain :
- Settlement Colonies of Russia :
- European area between the Volga and Urals
- Crimea and neighboring areas
- South ukraine
- Kazakhstan
- Southern Siberia along the Trans-Siberian Railway
See also
- History pages for the countries concerned
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- Johannes Paul : Germans, Boers and English in South West Africa. Accompanying word to a map of nationalities of Europeans in South West Africa. In: "Koloniale Rundschau" issue 9/10, 1931.
- John Paul : Economy and Settlement in southern Amboland . In: Scientific publications of the Museum für Länderkunde zu Leipzig , NF 2, 1933. With references.
- Manfred Hergt, Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann , Harald Bukor, Ruth Bukor, Werner Wildermuth (illustrations): dtv atlas on world history . From the beginning to the present. dtv , 2006, ISBN 978-3-423-08598-4 .