Sint Janskerk (Gouda)
The Sint Janskerk ( German St. John's Church ) in the Dutch Gouda is a Gothic , five-nave cross basilica that John the Baptist , the patron saint dedicated Gouda.
With a length of 123 m, the church is the longest church in the Netherlands . The western third is mainly made of brick, the eastern two thirds mainly of brick-sized tuff . Ornaments and many window frames are made of stone . The Sint Janskerk is best known for its Gouda glass windows (Dutch: de Goudse glazen ). About half of all glass windows from the 16th century that have survived in the Netherlands are said to be here. Probably the best-known Dutch glass painters of their time Dirck Crabeth and his 15 years younger brother Wouter Crabeth created ten and four of the glass windows respectively between 1555 and 1577.
history
Little is known about a previous building from 1280. After the church was badly damaged in a fire in 1361, it was destroyed again in a town fire in 1438. Reconstruction began in 1485. The first to be built was the choir, which was inaugurated in 1510. In 1552 the church tower was struck by lightning and the church was damaged again. In 1555 the first glass window (No. 15, see overview) was used, which was created by Dirck Crabeth. In the following 20 years around two dozen more glass windows were manufactured and used. During this time, Dirck Crabeth (around 1505–1574) and his workshop created ten glass windows (numbers: 6, 7, 14–16, 18, 22, 24, 30 and 31 see table). Another four windows (no .: 5, 8, 12 and 23) can be attributed to his brother Wouter (1520–1589). In 1573 the church became Protestant. Among other things, many of the 45 altars were removed, but the glass windows remained largely untouched. Between 1590 and 1593 the central nave was built higher, giving the church the shape of a cross basilica. The church was last restored between 1964 and 1980.
Buildings and equipment
With a length of 123 m, the church is the longest church in the Netherlands and one of the largest in Europe. The church is about 53 meters wide in the transept and has an internal height of 25 meters. The basilica is the ground plan of five naves , in the western part of the nave with three aisles and choir. The ceiling of the church interior consists of wooden pointed barrels . As with many Gothic churches in Holland, the weight of the building has been kept low because of the soft building ground. The cover of the outer aisles consists of transverse barrels that connect to the longitudinal barrels of the inner aisles. The roofs over the aisles also correspond to this. The roofs of the inner aisles do not hang on the walls of the nave as towing roofs, but have their own roof ridges and a second eaves towards the nave or high choir.
The church got the choir grille in 1782 and the preacher's chair and baptismal grille in 1810. In 1853 the benches were set up in the form in which they can still be found today.
In the church there are many grave slabs and at least five chapels (see floor plan):
- A. The Van Beverningh Chapel - South of the choir.
- B. The Cool Chapel - North of the choir under glass window 11.
- C. The burial chapel van W. Meurs - near stained glass window 8.
- D. The Van der Dussen burial vault - near stained glass window 1.
- - The Van der Vorm chapel - access under glass window 14.
In the bell tower there is a carillon, some of which comes from the bell foundry Petrus Hermony.
Gouda stained glass window
For the numbering of the glass windows, see the floor plan above. Swell:
| No. | image | Title / Notes | Year of creation | Benefactor | draft | Glass painter |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Freedom of conscience | around 1595–1600 | The stalls of Holland | Joachim Wtewael (Utrecht) | Adriaen Gerritsz. de Vrije (Gouda) |
| 1a |
|
Stained glass window | around 1934–1936 | Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | ||
| 1b |
|
Stained glass window | around 1934–1936 | Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | ||
| 1c |
|
Stained glass window | around 1934–1936 | Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | ||
| 2 |
|
The conquest of Damiette (Dumjat / Egypt) | 1596 | Haarlem city | Willem Thybaut (Haarlem) | Willem Thybaut (Haarlem) |
| 3 |
|
The Virgin of Dordrecht | 1596 | City of Dordrecht | ? Gerrit Gerritsz. Cuyp (Dordrecht) | Gerrit Gerritsz. Cuyp (Dordrecht) |
| 4th |
|
The coat of arms of the dike captains from Rijnland, in the province of Holland | 1594 | The dike management team from Rijnland | (unknown master) | Adriaen Gerritsz. de Vrije (Gouda) |
| 5 |
|
The Queen of Sheba visits Solomon | 1561 | Elburga von Boetzelaer, abbess of Rijnsburg | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 6th |
|
Judith beheads Holofernes | 1571 | Jean de Ligne, Count von Aremberg and wife Margaretha van der Marck | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 7th |
|
The last supper | 1557 | Philip II , King of Spain and Count of Holland, and Mary Tudor , Queen of England | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 8 (top) |
|
The punishment of the temple robber Heliodorus | 1566 | Erich, Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg, Baron von Liesveld, Lord of Woerden | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 8 (bottom) |
|
Founder picture of Erich | 1566 | Erich, Duke of Braunschweig and Lüneburg, Baron von Liesveld, Lord of Woerden | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 8a |
Stained glass window in the Meurs chapel
(This glass window was put together from broken glass left over from previous restorations) |
1989 | HA van Dolder-de Wit, Atelier Bogtman (Haarlem) | |||
| 9 |
|
Announcing the birth of John the Baptist | 1561 | Dirck Cornelisz. van Hensbeek and relatives (Gouda) | Lambert van Noort (Antwerp) | Digman Meynaert (Antwerp) |
| 10 |
|
Announcing the birth of Christ | 1655 (1559) | of the original window (1559): Theodorus Spierinck van Well, abbot of the Norbertine monastery in Berne near Heusden | 1559: Lambert van Noort (Antwerp), 1655: Daniel Tomberg (Gouda) | 1559:? Digman Meynaert (Antwerp), 1655: Albert Merinck (from the east of the Netherlands?) |
| 11 (top) |
|
The birth of John the Baptist | 1562 | Heir to Herman Lethmaet, Dean of the Maria Church in Utrecht and Vicar General of the Bishop of Utrecht | Lambert van Noort (Antwerp) | Digman Meynaert and Hans Scrivers (Antwerp) |
| 11 (bottom) |
|
Donor picture with John the Baptist and Mary with baby Jesus | 1562 | Heir to Herman Lethmaet, Dean of the Maria Church in Utrecht and Vicar General of the Bishop of Utrecht | Lambert van Noort (Antwerp) | Digman Meynaert and Hans Scrivers (Antwerp) |
| 11a | Coat of arms window in the Cool Chapel | 1687 | ? Albert Merinck (Antwerp) | |||
| 12 |
|
The birth of Jesus | 1564 | The chapter of the old cathedral in Utrecht, also called the Salvator Chapter | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 13 (top) |
|
The twelve year old Jesus in the temple | 1559-1561 | Petrus van Suyren, abbot of the Norbertine monastery Marienwaard near Beesd | Lambert van Noort (Antwerp) | Digman Meynaert and Hans Scrivers (Antwerp) |
| 13 (bottom) |
|
The founder Peter van Suyren praying in front of his namesake, the Apostle Peter, and the Mother of God with the baby Jesus | 1559-1561 | Petrus van Suyren, abbot of the Norbertine monastery Marienwaard near Beesd | Lambert van Noort (Antwerp) | Digman Meynaert and Hans Scrivers (Antwerp) |
| 14th |
|
John the Baptist preaches | 1562 | Robert van Bergen, provost of the old cathedral in Utrecht and Bishop of Liège | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 15 (top) |
|
Jesus is baptized by John in the Jordan | 1555 | Georg van Egmont, Bishop of Utrecht | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 15 (bottom) |
|
The founder Georg von Egmont, Bishop of Utrecht | 1555 | Georg van Egmont, Bishop of Utrecht | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 16 |
|
The first sermon of Jesus | 1556 | Cornelis van Mierop, provost of the old minster in Utrecht | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 17th |
|
John the Baptist punishes Herod | 1556 | Wouter van Bylaer, Commander of the Order of St. John in Utrecht | (see glass painter) | (unknown master from Antwerp) |
| 18th |
|
The question Jesus was asked in the name of John the Baptist | 1556 | The descendants of Gerrit Heye Gerritsz., His wife Margriet Hendricksdr., Frederick Adriaensz. and his daughter Gerborch | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 19th |
|
The beheading of John the Baptist | 1570 | Hendrik van Zwolle, Commander of the Order of St. John in Haarlem | Willem Thybaut (Haarlem) | Willem Thybaut (Haarlem) |
| 20 + 21 |
Stained glass window
(made up of old broken glass from repairs) |
1933 | Dipl.-Ing. Jan Schouten | |||
| 22nd |
|
The temple cleansing | 1567 and 1657 | Prince Wilhelm of Orange and his second wife Anna of Saxony | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | 1567: Dirck Crabeth (Gouda), 1657: lower part: Daniel Tomberg (Gouda) |
| 23 |
|
The sacrifice of Elijah (top) The washing of the feet (middle) | 1562 | Duchess Margarethe of Parma , governor of the Netherlands on behalf of her half-brother Philip II. | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) | Wouter Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 24 |
|
Philip preaching, healing, baptizing | 1559 | Count Philipp de Ligne, Lord of Wassenaar | an employee of Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 25th |
|
Liberation from suffering | 1603 | City of Delft | Ysaac Claesz. Swanenburg (Leiden) | Dirck Verheyden (Delft), Dirck Reijniersz. van Douwe (Delft) |
| 26th |
|
The liberation of Samaria | 1601 | City of Leiden | Ysaac Claesz. Swanenburg (Leiden) | Cornelis Cornelisz. Clock (suffering) |
| 27 |
|
The Pharisee and the tax collector | 1597 | City of Amsterdam | Hendrick de Keyser (Amsterdam) | ? Cornelis Ysbrandsz. Kussens (Amsterdam) |
| 28 |
|
Jesus and the adulteress | 1601 | City of Rotterdam | ? Claes Jansz. Wytmans (Rotterdam) | Claes Jansz. Wytmans, Frans Adriaensz., David Fransz. (all Rotterdam) |
| 28a | The window of liberation | 1947 | Residents of the city of Gouda and friends of the Gouda Glass Windows Foundation | Charles Eyck (Valkenburg) | Charles Eyck (Valkenburg) together with Atelier Flos (Tegelen) | |
| 28b | Memory window - Restoration Schouten | 1935 | D. Boode (Delft) | LJ Knoll (Delft) and Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | ||
| 28c | The rebuilding of the temple | 1920 | Those who contributed to the restoration from 1901 to 1920 | H. Veldhuis (Delft) | LJ Knoll (Delft) and Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | |
| 29 | King David and the Christian Knight | 1595-1600 | The cities from the northern district of Holland | ? Adriaen Gerritsz. de Vrije (Gouda) | Adriaen Gerritsz. de Vrije (Gouda) | |
| 30th |
|
Jonah and the whale | before 1565 | Guild of fish sellers from Gouda | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 31 | Balaam and the talking donkey | before 1572 | Guild of butchers from Gouda | ? Atelier employee of Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | ? Atelier employee of Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 32-44 | City arms of Gouda | 1593-1594 | City of Gouda | Jacob Cornelisz. Kaen, Jasper Gielisz. and Cornelis Leunisz. (all Gouda), glass window 40: Adriaen Gerritsz. de Vrije (Gouda) | ||
| 45 | Apostle Matthew | around 1530–1540 | (unknown donor) | anonymous master | ||
| 46 | Apostle James Minor | around 1530–1540 | (unknown donor) | anonymous master | ||
| 47 | Apostle Thomas (actually Philip) | around 1530–1540 | (unknown donor) | anonymous master | ||
| 48 | Apostle Philip (actually Thomas) | Renewed around 1530–1540, 1552–1571 | (unknown donor) | ? Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | 1552–1571: Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 49 | Apostle John | around 1530–1540 | (unknown donor) | anonymous master | ||
| 50 | Apostle Peter | around 1530–1540 | (unknown donor) | anonymous master | ||
| 51 |
|
Christ as Redeemer of the world | Renewed around 1530–1540, 1552–1571 | (unknown donor) | ? Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | 1552–1571: Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 52 |
|
Apostle Andrew | Renewed around 1530–1540, 1552–1571 | (unknown donor) | ? Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | 1552–1571: Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) |
| 53 | Apostle James Maior | around 1530–1540, renewed 1921–1924 | (unknown donor) | 1921–1924: Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | ||
| 54 |
|
Apostle Squidward | around 1530–1540, renewed 1921–1924 | (unknown donor) | 1921–1924: Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | |
| 55 | Apostle Bartholomew | around 1530–1540, | (unknown donor) | anonymous master | ||
| 56 |
|
Apostle Simon | around 1530–1540, renewed 1921–1924 | (unknown donor) | 1921–1924: Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | |
| 57 | Apostle Matthias | around 1530–1540, renewed 1921–1924 | (unknown donor) | 1921–1924: Atelier 't Prinsenhof' in Delft | ||
| 58 (top) |
|
The Capture of Christ
(The stained glass windows 58 to 64 originally come from the church of the Regulierenkloster (Stein bei Haastrecht) and were used in the Sint Janskerk in 1581.) |
1556 | Jan Gerritsz. Heye and wife Lucia Pauw with son (?) And daughter (?) | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 58 (bottom) |
|
The founder Jan Gerritsz. Heye with family
(The stained glass windows 58 to 64 originally come from the church of the Regulierenkloster (Stein bei Haastrecht) and were used in the Sint Janskerk in 1581.) |
1556 | Jan Gerritsz. Heye and wife Lucia Pauw with son (?) And daughter (?) | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 59 (top) |
|
The crowning of thorns | 1556 | Dirck Cornelisz. van Reynegom, administrator of the customs barrier of the Count of Holland, Philip II, and his wife Aechte Jansdr., with son and daughter (?) | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 59 (bottom) |
|
The founder Dirck Cornelisz. van Reynegom with family | 1556 | Dirck Cornelisz. van Reynegom, administrator of the customs barrier of the Count of Holland, Philip II, and his wife Aechte Jansdr., with son and daughter (?) | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 60 (top) |
|
Pilate shows Jesus to the people (Ecce homo) | 1556 | Nicolaas Ruysch, canon and treasurer of the old cathedral in Utrecht | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 60 (bottom) |
|
The founder Nicolaas Ruysch | 1556 | Nicolaas Ruysch, canon and treasurer of the old cathedral in Utrecht | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 61 (top) |
|
Carrying the Cross | 1559 | Nicolaas van Nieuwland, auxiliary bishop, dean of St. Mary's in Utrecht and provost of St. Bavo's church in Haarlem | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 61 (bottom) |
|
The founder Nicolaas van Nieuwland | 1559 | Nicolaas van Nieuwland, auxiliary bishop, dean of St. Mary's in Utrecht and provost of St. Bavo's church in Haarlem | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 62 |
|
The resurrection | 1557 | Robert Jansz., The tenth prior of the monastery of St. Margriet in Gouda | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 63 |
|
The Ascension | 1557 | Willem Jacobsz., Colonel of the Monastery of St. Mary in Gouda | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 64 (top) |
|
The pouring out of the Holy Spirit | 1557 | Thomas Hermansz., Colonel of the Marienpoel Monastery in Leiden | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) | |
| 64 (bottom) |
|
The founder Thomas Hermansz | 1557 | Thomas Hermansz., Colonel of the Marienpoel Monastery in Leiden | Atelier Dirck Crabeth (Gouda) |
organ
The church has two organs . In the choir room, on the north side of the choir partition, there is a small instrument that was made in 1975 by the organ builders Leeflang and Keyzer. On the west gallery is a large baroque organ that was built in 1732–1736 by the organ builder Jean François Moreau (Rotterdam). The instrument has 53 stops on three manuals and a pedal .
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Since the church has excellent acoustics, organ concerts and other musical performances take place here regularly.
See also
literature
- V. Pijls, dr. A. Scheygrond, dr. GJ Vaandrager (editor), GP Olbertijn (translation): De Goudse Glazen , editor: Stiftung Fonds Goudse Glazen , Gouda 1993, ISBN 90-74015-05-0
- Xander van Eck, Christiane E. Coebergh-Surie, Andrea C. Gasten: The stained-glass windows in the Sint Janskerk at Gouda II: The works of Dirck and Wouter Crabeth , Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam 2002, ISBN 90-6984 -270-X
Web links
- Church website (Dutch)
- Virtual tour Sint-Janskerk Gouda (Dutch and English) ( Memento from July 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
swell
- ↑ Flyer De Sint Janskerk - With her Gouda glass window , published by Stiftung Fonds Goudse Glazen
- ↑ sintjan.com - De Sint-Janskerk te Gouda (Dutch)
- ↑ a b V. Pijls and others: De Goudse Glazen , Stiftung Fonds Goudse Glazen , Gouda 1993, page 1
- ↑ sintjan.com - Overzicht (Goudse) Glazen (Dutch)
- ↑ Article in the Dutch Wikipedia: Overzicht glazen in Sint-Janskerk Gouda
- ↑ V. Pijls and other: De Goudse Glazen , foundation funds Goudse Glazen , Gouda 1993, pages 1 to 56.
- ↑ Information on the organ
Coordinates: 52 ° 0 ′ 39 ″ N , 4 ° 42 ′ 41 ″ E