Sixtus von Tannberg

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Sixtus von Tannberg on a baroque painting in the Fürstengang Freising
The Prince-Bishop's coat of arms, in the Freising Missal he issued, printed in 1492
Coat of arms of the bishop on the ceiling of the pilgrimage church St. Ulrich, Mühldorf , around 1490
Remains of the canon monastery Groß-Frankenthal

Sixtus von Tannberg († July 14, 1495 in Frankenthal ) was Bishop of Gurk from 1470 to 1474 and Prince-Bishop of Freising from 1474 to 1495 .

youth

Sixtus von Tannberg (also: von Tanberger) was a son of Johann III. von Tannberg zu Aurolzmünster and his second wife Ursula von Rohr, a sister of Salzburg's Archbishop Bernhard . In 1442 he was accepted as a candidate in the Freising Cathedral Chapter and in 1456 appointed to the Chapter there. For almost eight years he studied in Padua and obtained a doctorate in both rights. In 1458 he became provost in Isen in Upper Bavaria, and in 1466 pastor of Laufen . There is no evidence of a presumed position as a canon in Salzburg.

Veit Arnpeck describes him in his book about the deeds of the Freising bishops as a person who in his youth was characterized by a virtuous walk and not a carelessness. Arnpeck also emphasizes his peaceful manner.

Prince-Bishop of Gurk

After the death of Prince-Bishop Ulrich Sonnenberger on December 29, 1469, the Archdiocese of Salzburg and Friedrich III quarreled . to fill the bishopric of Gurk . Archbishop Bernhard von Rohr appointed his nephew Sixtus bishop on April 23, 1470, who received confirmation from the Pope on August 25, 1471. Emperor Friedrich III. however, favored the Gurk provost Lorenz von Freiberg and rejected the appointment of Sixtus on May 2, 1472. Under threat of excommunication , both candidates were invited to Augsburg in 1473 and the dispute was decided by the Patriarch of Aquileja , Cardinal Markus, who was nuncio for Germany, in favor of Sixtus.

At the beginning of 1473 the Freising Prince-Bishop Johann IV. Tulbeck resigned from his office and, with the consent of the cathedral chapter, appointed Sixtus as his successor, whom he had previously appointed as his chancellor. Pope Sixtus IV confirmed the election of the cathedral chapter on January 12, 1474 and Sixtus became the 44th Bishop of Freising. The dispute over Gurk was thus over. Apparently Sixtus never entered the diocese of Gurk during the whole time.

Prince-Bishop of Freising

Sixtus, who is regarded as very pious, initiated a profound reform of the clergy in his diocese at several diocesan synods in 1475, 1480 and 1484 and carried out numerous monastery visitations. In 1476 he founded his own cathedral preacher and in 1484 his own cathedral choir to make church services more dignified. Sixtus also took care of the renewal of the liturgy, which is why he commissioned three liturgical books for his diocese in the 1480s: a breviary, a ritual and a missal - due to popular demand, they soon appeared in a second edition. In 1484 Sixtus had the first printing press come to Freising so that he could personally take care of his books. In 1484 Sixtus founded the Franciscan Terziarinnen monastery in Freising.

When in 1478 his uncle, the Archbishop of Salzburg, Bernhard von Rohr spontaneously abdicated, he was planned to be his successor; However, Kaiser Friedrich prevented this.

Sixtus gained a high reputation, primarily because of his diplomatic skills and eloquence, as a participant in the Diets of Nuremberg (1480), Frankfurt (1489) and Worms (1495). Consequently, in 1484 he led a legation trip for the empire on behalf of the emperor to Italy and the Vatican.

The relationship with the Wittelsbach dukes Georg the Rich of Bavaria-Landshut and Albrecht IV the Wise was marked by tensions and conflicts. Sometimes it was about taxes to be paid, sometimes about unjustified territorial claims by the Wittelsbachers.

The greatest challenge in Sixtus' tenure was the Turkish threat. At least six times (1475, 1476, 1478, 1480, 1483, 1493) Turkish troops invaded the Freising area of Carniola and Carinthia . He introduced a weekly pfennig to build fortifications with the money and to be able to buy prisoners out. When the first refugees moved as far as Freising in 1478, Sixtus organized a small conference on the Turkish question in Landshut on September 29, 1478 and a large one in Freising on March 15, 1479, in which numerous princes from the south of the empire took part. The emperor was appealed to for help and a large Reichstag in Nuremberg (1480) was supposed to deal with this question, but all the conferences remained without concrete results. Therefore Sixtus had the Freising Cathedral Hill fortified with walls and towers. Only the northeast gate is preserved today.

During a trip to Lower Austria, he succeeded in obtaining the return of the Freising possessions of Hollenburg , Enzersdorf and Klingenfels to the Roman-German King Maximilian I.

Sixtus was also a great patron of the arts. So he had his cathedral, the Freising Cathedral , lavishly furnished: Between 1474 and 1489 a new rood screen was built and in 1480/81 Jörg von Halspach carried out the late Gothic vaulting of the Romanesque central nave . In addition, he commissioned a monumental sacrament house as well as the still largely preserved magnificent choir stalls by Ulrich Glurer and Bernhard from Freising (1484 to 1488), which show in half- length figures the row of the Freising bishops since Korbinian. Out of the same historical interest, Sixtus also promoted the historian Veit Arnpeck, who dedicated his Chronica Baioariorum to him.

In the summer of 1495 Sixtus visited the Diet of Worms and fell seriously ill there. To relax, he retired to the nearby Augustinian Canons Abbey in Groß-Frankenthal in today's Frankenthal (Palatinate) . Sixtus died there on July 14, 1495. His body was transferred to Freising and buried there in the cathedral. His marble tombstone in the south aisle of the cathedral shows Sixtus in episcopal regalia; the work is attributed to Hans Beierlein .

literature

  • Anton Landersdorfer : Sixtus von Tannberg, Bishop of Freising (1474–1495). In: Georg Schwaiger (Hrsg.): Christian life in the course of time. Volume 1: Life pictures from the history of the Diocese of Freising (= Wewelbuch. 154). Wewel, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-87904-154-7 , pp. 103-113.
  • Anton Landersdorfer:  Sixtus von Tannberg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 481 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Jakob Obersteiner: The bishops of Gurk. 1072–1822 (= From Research and Art. 5, ISSN  0067-0642 ). Verlag des Geschichtsverein für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 1969, pp. 249-251.
  • Josef Staber: Pastoral care in the diocese of Freising under the bishops Johannes Tulbeck, Sixtus von Tannberg and Count Palatine Philipp. In: Episcopus. Studies on the episcopate. His Eminence Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber, Archbishop of Munich-Freising, presented on his 80th birthday by the Theological Faculty of the University of Munich. Gregorius-Verlag, Regensburg 1949, pp. 207–225.
  • Alicja Kaczynska: The Freising Cathedral: The building and furnishing measures under Bishop Sixtus von Tannberg (1473-1495) , diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2008; (PDF view)

Web links

Commons : Sixtus von Tannberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Veit Arnpeck : liber de gestis episcoporum Frisingensium. 1495, p. 901.
  2. ^ A b Anton Landersdorfer:  Sixtus von Tannberg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 481 f. ( Digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Veit Arnpeck: Complete Chronicles (= sources and discussions on Bavarian and German history. NF Bd. 3, ZDB -ID 503547-8 ). Published by Georg Leidinger . Rieger et al., Munich 1915, p. 905 .
  4. ^ Josef Maß: The Diocese of Freising in the Middle Ages (= History of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. Vol. 1). Wewel, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-87904-153-9 , p. 341 f.
  5. ^ Monasteries in Bavaria. Freising, Franciscan Terziarinnen.
  6. ^ A b Hannes Lambacher: Sixtus von Tanberger (Tannberg). In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 730 f. ( Digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Description of the grave slab
predecessor Office successor
Johann IV. Tulbeck Bishop of Freising
1474 - 1495 		Ruprecht of the Palatinate
personal data
SURNAME Tannberg, Sixtus of
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tanberger, Sixtus of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Prince-Bishop of Freising
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
DATE OF DEATH July 14, 1495
Place of death Frankenthal (Palatinate)