Slobodan Jovanović (politician)

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Slobodan Jovanović

Slobodan Jovanović ( Cyrillic Слободан Јовановић; born December 3, 1869 in Novi Sad , Austria-Hungary , † December 12, 1958 in London ) was a Yugoslav and Serbian intellectual, lawyer, writer, historian and politician. He was professor and rector of Belgrade University and president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences . During the Second World War he was Prime Minister of the royal Yugoslav government in exile .

Life

Slobodan Jovanović was born the son of the liberal politician Vladimir Jovanović and his wife Jelena. He is considered to be the first known bearer of the first name Slobodan , his father as its likely originator.

He received his training in Belgrade , Munich and Zurich , completed a law degree in Geneva and studied constitutional law and political science as a postgraduate from 1890 to 1892 at the École libre des sciences politiques in Paris . In 1892 he entered the Serbian civil service and in 1893 was appointed political attaché to the Serbian mission in what was then Constantinople , where he stayed for several years. During this time he began to publish literary reviews in various Serbian magazines. He eventually left the diplomatic service to pursue his academic and literary interests. In 1897 he was appointed professor at the Law Faculty of the University of Belgrade , where he remained until his retirement in 1940. In 1913/14 and 1920/21 Jovanović served as rector of the University of Belgrade. In 1908 he was accepted into the Royal Serbian Academy , of which he was President from 1928 to 1931, and in 1927 into the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences in Zagreb. He was an associate editor and worker of important Serbian literary magazines.

For over four decades, Jovanović taught at the law school and earned a reputation as an authority on law and history, as well as the Serbian language and literature. The topics on which he published ranged from art and culture to social sciences and politics. He repeatedly introduced new topics into the scientific and public discussion in Serbia and Yugoslavia, such as the relationship between liberalism and Western democracy , of which he was a supporter, on the one hand, and the rampant totalitarian ideologies on the other. He was a critic of Hans Kelsen's pure legal theory .

As a recognized scientific and cultural authority, he exerted a certain influence on political life in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the interwar period. He only became personally politically active in 1937 as a co-initiator and first president of the originally non-partisan Serbian cultural association (Srpski kulturni klub), which became increasingly politicized in the short period that remained until the outbreak of World War II.

When a military coup took place in Belgrade on March 27, 1941 , which was directed against the agreed cooperation between Yugoslavia and the Axis Powers , Jovanović became deputy prime minister in the new, pro-Western government headed by General Dušan Simović . After the subsequent attack by the Third Reich on April 6, 1941 on the kingdoms of Yugoslavia and Greece, Jovanović fled together with King Peter II and other cabinet ministers via Jerusalem to London . In the Yugoslav government in exile established there, he was Prime Minister from January 11, 1942 to June 26, 1943. During his term of office, Draža Mihailović, an officer loyal to the king, was appointed Minister of War, who initially resisted the occupiers as commander of the allied Yugoslav army in the fatherland , but increasingly collaborated with them in the course of the war to support the, ultimately victorious, communist Fight partisan movement.

After the end of the Second World War, Jovanović was declared an enemy of the state by the new rulers of Yugoslavia in 1946 and sentenced in absentia to 20 years imprisonment and forced labor, expropriated and expatriated. So he spent the years up to his death in 1958 in emigration to London, where he continued to be active politically and as a writer.

As early as 1932–1940, Jovanović's complete works were published in 17 volumes. Although his work was not officially banned in communist Yugoslavia, it was no longer published there and was hardly received by the end of the 1980s. Jovanović's unofficial rehabilitation and the redevelopment of his extensive work only began with the political change in Europe. In 1991 a 12-volume reprint of his collected works was published. In Serbia today he is considered one of the most important political thinkers of the 20th century and is widely recognized: his portrait has been featured on the 5000 dinar banknote since 2002 , his bust is at the Belgrade Faculty of Law, and the square in front of the main faculty building bears his name since 2011, when his bones were solemnly reburied in the Belgrade Cemetery of Honor. However, the 1946 conviction was not formally lifted until 2007, officially rehabilitating Jovanović.

Fonts

• О суверености / O suverenosti [ On sovereignty ], Belgrade 1987.
• О дводомном систему / O dvodomnom sistemu [ About the bicameral system ], Belgrade 1899.
• Велика народна скупштина / Velika narodna skupština [ The Great People's Assembly ], Belgrade 1900.
• Српско-бугарски рат. Расправа из дипломатске историје / Srpsko-bugarski rat. Rasprava iz diplomatske istorije [ The Serbian-Bulgarian War. A Treatise from the History of Diplomacy ], Belgrade 1901.
• Светозар Марковић / Svetozar Marković, Belgrade 1903.
• Основи правне теорије о држави / Osnovi pravne teorije o državi [ Basics of Legal Theory About the State ], Belgrade 1906.
• Основи јавног права Краљевине Србије / Osnovi javnog prava Kraljevine Srbije [ Fundamentals of the Public Law of the Kingdom of Serbia ], two volumes, Belgrade 1907–1909.
• Макиавели, Београд 1907 / Makiaveli [ Macchiavelli ], Belgrade 1907.
• Политичке и правне расправе / Političke i pravne rasprave [ Political and Legal Treatises] , two volumes, Belgrade 1908–1910.
• Уставобранитељи и њихова влада, Српска краљевска академија / Ustavobranitelji i njihova vlada, Srpska kraljevska akademgradija [ The Constitutionalists and their Government 1912].
• Университетско питање / Universitetsko pitanje [ The University Question ], Belgrade 1914.
• Вођи француске револуције / Vođi francuske revolucije [ Leader of the French Revolution ], Belgrade 1920.
• О држави / O državi [ On the State ], Belgrade 1922.
• Друга влада Милоша и Михаила / Druga vlada Miloša i Mihaila [ The Second Government of Princes Miloš and Mihailo ], Belgrade 1923.
• Уставно право Краљевине Срба, Хрвата и Словенаца / Ustavno pravo Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca [ Constitutional Law of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ], Belgrade 1924.
• Влада Милана Обреновића / Vlada Milana Obrenovića [ The rule of Milan Obrenović ], two volumes, Belgrade: Geca Kon 1926–1927.
• Влада Александра Обреновића / Vlada Aleksandra Obrenovića [ The Reign of Alexander Obrenović ], two volumes, Belgrade: Geca Kon 1929–1931.
• Из историје политичких доктрина / Iz istorije političkih doktrina [ From the history of political doctrines ], Belgrade 1935.
• Гледстон / Gledston [ Gladstone ], Belgrade: Jugo-Istok 1938.
• Амерички федерализам / Američki federalizam [ American federalism ], Belgrade 1939.
• Примери политичке социологије, Енглеска, Француска, Немачка 1815–1914 / Primeri političke sociologije, Engleska, Francuska, Nemačka 1815–1914. 1940 [ Examples for political science ], England, France and Germany, 1815–1914 .
• О тоталитаризму / O totalitarizmu [ On totalitarianism ], Paris: Oslobođenje 1952.
• Један прилог за проучавање српског националног карактера / Jedan prilog za proučavanje srpskog nacionalnog karaktera [ A contribution to the study of the Serbian national character / Canada 196], 4 .
• Записи о проблемима и људима, 1941–1944 / Zapisi o problemima i ljudima, 1941–1944 [ Notes on Problems and Individuals, 1941–1944 ], London 1976.

Writings in English

• Slobodan Jovanovich, Tito and the Western World (reprinted from The Eastern Quarterly ), London 1952, p. 6.
• Slobodan Jovanovich, On the New Machiavellism (reprinted from The Eastern Quarterly ), London 1952, p. 5.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Petar Stevanović: Dictionary of Names . Zavod za udžbenike, Belgrade 2014, ISBN 978-86-17-18577-8 , p. 264 (Serbian: Речник имена .).

literature

• Andreas Moritsch: Slobodan Jovanović . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 2. Ed. Mathias Bernath / Felix von Schroeder. Munich 1976, pp. 307-308

Web links

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