Urban monument protection
The urban monument protection serves to protect historical city centers as city monuments and thus area monuments so that they are permanently preserved as an important cultural heritage and are not falsified or impaired.
The term urban monument protection is also used to describe programs that are carried out in Germany by the federal and state governments in order to bring about the unity between building and urban renovation in selected cities with particularly important city centers . These programs are part of urban development funding .
The urban monument protection
The urban monument protection is a task and a program at the same time. Gottfried Kiesow defined the task as follows:
- "The most important task of the urban monument protection is to preserve all the functions of the city monument that can be reconciled with the preservation of the identifying values such as the urban layout, embedding in the landscape, streets and squares as well as significant individual buildings."
Areas
Areas of the town planning monument protection are historical town centers of towns and districts with settlement history and monument preservation importance. In addition to the city center, this also includes suburbs from the Wilhelminian era , but not just smaller quarters or squares and streets. The historical city plan (streets, squares, parcels, legible area boundaries) should still be preserved and historical building fabric should be present. In such districts there are many architectural cultural monuments and ensembles , but also soil monuments and industrial monuments .
historical development
The history of the city and its urban layout did not gain increasing public recognition until the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, some cities and countries issued statutes to protect the old towns (e.g. Monschau , Limburg an der Lahn or Hildesheim ). Due to the strong growth of the cities, the destruction of the war, radical reconstruction measures, new traffic routes, scale-less new buildings and commercial conversions and the lack of will to design, there was further destruction of the inner city after the Second World War .
The monument was limited after the Second World War to protect them obtain permanent accurately as possible of individual cultural monuments with the goal. The importance of the protection of ensembles was still low and the monument protection laws of the federal states only contained approaches for the protection of ensembles, for example in the Hamburg law “Adjacent Buildings”.
After the first major housing shortage had been resolved in the post-war period, urban renewal made it necessary to devote more attention to the urban development context. Through the urban development subsidy and the urban development subsidy law of 1971, a nationwide legal and subsidy system with differentiated subsidy programs of the federal government and the federal states in the Federal Republic of Germany for the subsidization of urban districts in need of renewal with considerable urban development deficiencies was introduced and implemented by the state ministries responsible for the building industry. In 1971 and 1973, federal states such as Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria introduced terms such as total system or majority of structural systems . In 1975, in the European Year of Monument Protection, ensemble protection was propagated.
In the GDR , the rebuilding and reconstruction of old buildings were rather the exception after 1945, even if in 1950 the historical buildings were to be preserved in accordance with the work guidelines for the planning of the cities in the central districts. The first goal was the new building, from 1965 through an industrialized panel construction . The Monument Preservation Act 1975 shows a change, and finally more than 230 historically or town-planning important town centers or town complexes were placed under protection as landmarks of regional, national and international importance in a central list of monuments, but without consequence. The city centers continued to decline.
The programs for the protection of urban monuments
The considerable renovation backlog in the historic city centers of East Germany led to the introduction of the new urban development program “Urban monument protection” (motto: Save the old towns ) after reunification . The aim of the federal-state program is to "preserve building and culturally valuable city centers and areas with monumental building fabric in their structural integrity and further develop them in a future-oriented manner". An interdisciplinary group of experts advises the federal and state governments on the further development of the program.
From 1991 to 2008, around 4.6 billion euros in funding (of which 1.7 billion euros from the federal government) were used in 178 cities in the new federal states. The program was extended to the old federal states in 2009. In 2010, 117 cities received funding there.
On June 9, 2010, Federal Minister Peter Ramsauer informed the members of the “ Bundestag Committee for Transport, Building and Urban Development ” that the federal funds for urban development should be reduced by 50% in the subsequent federal budgets - the amount of urban monument protection would be 50 million euros per year affected. Since these funds are usually supplemented by the federal states, municipalities and other sponsoring institutions to double to triple the sum, which was then also omitted, the chairman of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, Gottfried Kiesow , warned in a press release against deforestation. "The halving of the program funds in urban development funding announced by Federal Minister Ramsauer is a mistake," said Kiesow. The cut “endangers the preservation of our cultural heritage”. Contrary to fears, in 2013 a total of 96 million euros in funding was made available for the preservation of historic city quarters and city centers.
Goals and implementation
The salvation of the old towns, as historical evidence, as an expression of political, social, cultural and economic centrality, as a concentration of diversity and as aesthetic urban spaces with a high quality of stay creates a materially and sensually perceptible social identity . The quality of life of the citizens is significantly improved.
A holistic, constantly adapting urban planning as an integrated process of all actors is the beginning and the accompaniment of every overall measure in the area of the urban monument protection. Close cooperation between the community, town planners, monument conservationists, redevelopment agencies and clients is therefore necessary in order to reduce social and private conflicts. For a successful overall urban development measure, there must be a stronger public interest .
The programs for the protection of urban monuments are coordinated like the urban development programs by the Federal Ministry of Construction and implemented by the state ministries responsible for building with the municipalities.
Law
The legal protection of historic city centers is not specifically regulated, but can be found in the following regulations:
- The special urban development law of the building code ( §§ 136 ff. BauGB) is the legal basis for redevelopment and development areas.
- The granting of financial aid is regulated by the administrative agreements between the federal government and the federal states (see Section 164b BauGB).
- The urban development guidelines, the annual programs for urban development and the decrees of the federal states determine the scope and implementation of measures for the protection of urban monuments.
- In the context of their cultural sovereignty , the federal states have the competence to legislate and promote the protection of monuments and the preservation of monuments .
- The municipalities can decide on their own responsibility for the necessary redevelopment, conservation and design statutes, the designation of development areas for the historic city centers and the commissioning of redevelopment officers.
- The municipalities are responsible for implementing the overall urban development measures.
literature
- Federal Ministry for Spatial Planning, Building and Urban Development, German Foundation for Monument Protection (Ed.): Old cities, new opportunities. Urban monument protection; with examples from the eastern states of the Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments Communication, Bonn 1996, ISBN 3-9804890-0-0 .
- Adalbert Behr: Quality of the city and the urban . In: Old Cities, New Opportunities ; Bonn 1996, p. 70 ff.
- Gottfried Kiesow: Urban monument protection from the point of view of the preservationists . In: Old Cities, New Opportunities ; Bonn 1996, p. 126 ff.
- Roland Kutzki : Urban monument protection and urban model projects in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . In: Old Cities, New Opportunities ; Bonn 1996, p. 516 ff.
- Dieter Martin (Ed.): Handbook of Monument Protection and Preservation; including archeology; Law, professional principles, procedures, financing . 2., revised. and substantially exp. Ed., Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-55173-4 .
- Michaelis-Winter, Ricarda Ruland: Urban monument protection and tourism development with special consideration of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites . Research report for the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning, Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (Ed.), Self-published, Bonn 2007.
- Federal transfer office for urban monument protection (edit.): Balance sheet and prospects for urban monument protection . Information service for urban monument protection 34, Berlin 2009.
- Federal transfer office for the protection of urban monuments (edit.): Urban protection of monuments in integrated urban development . Information service for the protection of urban monuments 35, Berlin 2010.
- Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Evaluation of the Urban Monument Protection Program 1991-2008. Final report . Self-published, Berlin 2012.
- Volkmar Eidloth, Gerhard Ongyerth, Heinrich Walgern: Handbook of Urban Heritage Preservation . Reports on research and practice in monument conservation in Germany 17, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-645-9 .
Web link
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gottfried Kiesow: Urban protection of monuments from the point of view of the preservation of monuments in old cities - new opportunities ; P. 15, Monumente-Verlag, Bonn 1996
- ↑ Preservation of monuments in the GDR: Businesses since the 1950s. ( Memento of the original from August 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: denkmaldebatten.de
- ^ Website of the Federal Transfer Office for the Protection of Urban Monuments. ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: staedtebaulicher-denkmalschutz.de
- ↑ Press release by the chairman of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, Gottfried Kiesow, on the planned cuts in funding for urban monument protection ( Memento from January 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Reduction yes - deforestation no - Professor Dr. Gottfried Kiesow, CEO of the German Foundation for Monument Protection from June 24, 2010 (mp3 stream)
