St. Martin in Kampill

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St. Martin in Kampill above the Eisack

St. Martin in Kampill is a Roman Catholic branch church in the South Tyrolean capital Bozen , which is dedicated to St. Martin of Tours is dedicated. The church, located outside the city in the formerly independent community of Zwölfmalgrei just above the Eisack , has very well-preserved Gothic frescoes inside. It has been a listed building since 1977 .

history

The location Kampill is already mentioned in the summer of 1166 under the name " Campillen " in the fiefdom and income register of the wealthy Bavarian Counts of Neuburg-Falkenstein , the so-called Codex Falkensteinensis . A first church building was consecrated in 1180 by the Bishop of Trento together with five other churches in the Bolzano area , according to the so-called “ Bozen Chronicle ” , an annalistic record from the 14th century . The building was given its present form with the massive tower in 1303. Giovan-Battista Delai added the sacristy to the choir of the church in 1610. A restored cobblestone pavement reminds us that an old driveway had already passed under the roof of the side porch in previous years. Today the Brenner motorway runs right next to the church, which is cut off from its surroundings on the other side of the state road in such a way that hardly any visitors or tourists can find their way here, although it contains very important works of art from the Bolzano school inside. During the construction of the motorway until 1974, the frescoes of the church were damaged by blasting, which is why the motorway company subsequently financed the renovation costs of the church.

Building description

The building is a choir tower church . The tower ends with a brick tower pyramid, the apse facing east has a polygonal end. On the facade there is a fresco depicting St. Christophorus from the Renaissance period .

Fresco with God the Father in the nave vault

The interior is completely painted with frescoes. In the center of the barrel vault in the choir , the bleeding lamb with the flag is depicted, surrounded by the four evangelist symbols . The wise and foolish virgins are in the arches. In the apse calotte sits a so-called Madonna dell'umilità (Madonna of Humility) surrounded by angels making music. These frescoes are closely related to the master of St. Valentin in Seis and show the influence of the Veronese painting of an Altichiero da Zevio .

In the lower part of the apse there is a row of apostles . During a restoration, the year 1403 came to light here to the right of the altar. On the north wall of the choir there is a window next to which the hll. Leonhard and Ulrich are depicted on the right and Thomas on the left, the window reveal, however, is with St. Martin and a Madonna with a picture of the donor, with Veronica's handkerchief above it . These frescoes were created around 1440.

Interior of the church

The nave is vaulted by a pointed barrel. There is a bearded God the Father in the center of the mandorla , who is surrounded by church fathers and music-making angels on a shining azure blue background. The top of the triumphal arch wall is the Annunciation shown to Mary, right including the Mass of Saint. Gregor (or Ulrichsmesse) and St. Ulrich von Augsburg , on the left St. George as a dragon fighter and St. Leonhard. Like the choir area, the nave walls are divided into two image zones. The lower zone of the north wall is surrounded by a single large and figurative image of the Adoration of St. The three kings captured, in the front area the scene of St. Martin is preceded by the beggar. The remaining part of the nave walls is occupied by large picture fields with scenes from the Passion of Christ, beginning with the entry of Christ into Jerusalem on the south wall at the top next to the triumphal arch wall, continuing in the upper zone of the north wall at the entrance wall, and ending in the lower zone the south wall with the Ascension of Christ . The cycle thus runs clockwise from top left to bottom left. On the entrance wall is Archangel Michael as a weigher of souls on Judgment Day to see. The nave frescoes were made by an artist close to Hans Stotzinger and represent masterpieces of the so-called Bozen School . The color intensity and completeness of the preserved Gothic wall paintings are exceptional.

In the Bolzano City Museum there is a plastic representation of St. Trinity in the form of three men who look alike and two winged shrines that come from the Church of St. Martin in Kampill.

archive

From the years 1533 to 1797, there are 68 account books of St. Martin in Kampill in the Bolzano city archive (Hss. 1713–1781), which were kept by the respective church provosts .

literature

  • Sebastian Marseiler: Paths to Art. The most important art monuments in South Tyrol. Bolzano: Verlaganstalt Athesia 2011, ISBN 978-88-8266-734-4 , pp. 28-29.
  • Hans Schmölzer: The wall paintings in St. Johann im Dorfe, St. Martin in Campill and Terlan - an art-historical study. Innsbruck: Wagner 1888.
  • Andrea De Marchi et al. (Ed.): Atlas Tr3cento. Gothic painters in Bolzano. Trento: Temi 2001.

Movie

  • The treasures of St. Martin in Kampill . From the Bolzano Treasures series . 30 minutes ( RAI South Tyrol 2011)

Web links

Commons : St. Martin in Kampill  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 186-189, no. 627 .
  2. ↑ Hannes Obermair: Church and city development. The parish church of Bozen in the High Middle Ages (11th – 13th centuries) . In: The Sciliar . 69th year, issue 8/9, 1995, p. 449–474, reference p. 461 ( bozen.it [PDF]).
  3. ^ Hannes Obermair: Multiple Pasts - Collecting for the City? The Bolzano City Archives 3.0 . In: Philipp Tolloi (Ed.): Archives in South Tyrol: History and Perspectives / Archivi in ​​Provincia di Bolzano: storia e prospettive (=  publications of the South Tyrolean Provincial Archives 45 ). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2018, ISBN 978-3-7030-0992-1 , p. 211–224, reference: p. 214 .

Coordinates: 46 ° 29 ′ 36.6 ″  N , 11 ° 22 ′ 42.9 ″  E