Framework (architecture)
In architecture, the framework is the result of a specific construction method and forms a “ structure ” of the building. It is not uncommon for it to take on a function of mechanical support or support. A framework can consist of compression and tension elements and be supplemented by tension cables , for example . However, pull ropes are an exception.
Frameworks made of stone or concrete
In addition to layers (e.g. masonry ) and pouring (e.g. with concrete ), the framework contains all building structures in which rods are used. The bars form the load-bearing elements, whereby the surfaces in between are not load-bearing and are used purely for "cladding".
Window and door frames
Gothic and Renaissance
Specifically, in Gothic the term “framework” can refer to the vertical posts that enclose a glass surface below a courtyard in the tracery of Gothic windows . A distinction is made between main bars ( old posts ) and secondary bars ( young posts ) according to position and thickness . The edging of the window is added to the framework, although the edging does not have to extend a deep structure to the rear of the profiles of the posts. Ordinary wall can lie behind the profiles of such edging posts; and the wall and profiles can merge. It is sufficient that such a border embodies the outer contour of the window in the window front level.
The partially "framing" straight or "profile bars" shaped according to simple geometries (mostly "pillars" and "lintels"), as found on windows of the early Renaissance , are seen as small "bar structures".
Tracery in Bebenhausen Monastery , the vertical window struts below the tracery are the Gothic framework. The "profiles" that "frame" the window are also frameworks here
Timber-frame windows from the early Renaissance around 1527–1534 at Hinterglauchau Castle , the renaissance trusses are the straight "profile bars" that partially "frame" the window.
Timber frameworks
If the framework does not consist of stone or concrete, but of wood , for example in a solid wood frame construction , the rods are often arranged orthogonally - with or without offset. The bars form the load-bearing elements, and it is not uncommon for "slabs" (e.g. floor ceilings) to rest on them. In the vertical, the areas between the framework bars are often non-load-bearing and they are often used for pure “cladding”. In the frame construction , the load-bearing bars are not plastered or covered in any other way.
In another, less common construction technique, the bars can be arranged in a simple “framework” in triangles in order to create a stiffening and not to tip over to the side. (This stiffening can also be done by a stiff panel , whereby the resulting structure then arises from a synthesis of framework and panel construction.)
The architectural effect that emanates from timber frameworks is i. d. Usually less filigree, but more massive, more flat than with frameworks made of stone or concrete.
See also
Remarks
- ↑ See Wilfried Koch, Baustilkunde: the standard work on European architecture from antiquity to the present. , 33rd edition, Prestel, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-7913-4997-8 , p. 445, keyword 241.6