Standing sentence
Standing sentence or standing sentence is originally a technical term from letterpress printing . After printing, the individual lead type pages of a book were pushed onto boards or sturdy cardboard and stacked on top of each other on stand-up shelves for a later reprint . In the past, a standing set for a book could take up entire walls and weigh several tons in the typesetting, depending on the size of the work.
In order to prevent the pages and text blocks from falling apart, frequently used pages and text blocks were tied together ("tied") with a string (column string), for example for business cards, business forms, forms, etc. The setter's awl was used for this work with its special binding techniques and knots an important tool.
history
Up until the beginning of the 18th century, it was common in letterpress printing - especially when printing large books such as the Bible - to set only a few printed pages with lead letters ( lead type ), to print them and then to convert the letters for the next pages. This activity required a lot of time and therefore several employed typesetters . It also carried the risk of new typesetting errors (not to be confused with typographical errors that describe incorrect printing). On the other hand, the printer only had to purchase a small inventory of movable type, which saved costs.
In the course of the evangelistic efforts of the 18th century, the theologian and publisher Carl Hildebrand Freiherr von Canstein thought about how he could produce larger editions of the Bible more cheaply. He wanted to ensure that poorer sections of the population can buy Bibles. For this he earned for him in collaboration with August Hermann Francke 1710 in Halle (Saale) , founded Canstein Bibelanstalt a so-called "standing sentence", d. H. all approx. 1,300 printed pages of the Bible were set at once with approx. 5 million lead letters, and this complete set was left permanently for further editions. This enabled Bibles to be printed quickly, in large numbers and at low cost. Only the initial acquisition costs were very high: For this purpose Carl Hildebrand Freiherr von Canstein donated most of his private fortune and appealed to the population, especially in privileged circles, for donations.
The success of this system made it possible not only to distribute the Bible to the poor at low cost, but also to other projects such as equipping the Prussian army with around 105,000 Bibles on behalf of the Prussian King.
Term in journalism
Today, the term is often used in journalistic editorial offices for articles or contributions that have already been completed that were not published in the current issue of a publication and are planned as a "standing sentence" for a possible publication in one of the upcoming issues. Obituaries are already produced in advance as a standing sentence for prominent people who are still alive and updated over the years. In the event of a later death, ready-made material about the person's entire life is available for quick publication, e. B. by television station ready.
Term in notation
In the notation of the will clef and the key signature which in any grading system are at the same position at the beginning of the line, called a standing matter. Occasionally, the standing sentence (with the exception of the first line) is reduced to the key signature (e.g. in some church hymn books ) or omitted entirely (as in some lead sheets ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helene Wanske: music notation. From the syntax of the note engraving to the EDP-controlled notation. B. Schott's Sons, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-2886-X , p. 110.
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : CANSTEIN, Karl Hildebrand Freiherr von. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 916-917.