Steinbrückmühle

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Aerial view of the Lehnmühle dam at low water with the Steinbrückmühle bridge and the foundation walls of earlier houses, August 2018
"Steinbrück M." in the Oberreitschen Atlas, middle of the 19th century (center), with the south-west running Poststrasse from Dippoldiswalde to Frauenstein and the north-west running Zinnstrasse (sections "Fürsten Weg") from Altenberg to Freiberg
Steinbrückmühle bridge, behind it the Lehnmühle dam, August 2018
Bridge from Steinbrückmühle to Wilden Weißeritz , September 2018
Remains of the Kreherschmiede near Steinbrückmühle with the water wheel, August 2018
Foundations of demolished buildings in Steinbrückmühle on the banks of the largely empty dam, September 2018
Tree stumps along the road to Schönfeld , August 2018
Usual water level near the storage target , looking south, 2017
Information board on the local history of Steinbrückmühle
Grinding stone from the broken-down Wagner mill, recovered in 2014 and set up near Steinbrückmühle

Steinbrückmühle is a deserted area in the municipality of Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district . The place arose on the Saxon side of the eastern Ore Mountains around a mill at a regionally important river crossing on the Wilden Weißeritz . The residents had to give up Steinbrückmühle in 1932 because it has since been in the reservoir of the Lehnmühle dam and is normally around 15 meters below the surface of the water. Among other things, the foundation walls of several buildings and the stone arch bridge have been preserved from the former settlement. They only rise above the water level in the dam when the water is extremely low , which was the case in 1974/75 and 2018. In addition, several of the buildings demolished in Steinbrückmühle in the early 1930s have been in the neighboring village of Neubau since their reconstruction .

location

The desert lies at 504 to 525  m above sea level. NN in the Valley of Wild Weißeritz and mostly in storage dam Lehnmühle. To the east and west of the town, which is centrally located in the Eastern Ore Mountains, the terrain rises to up to 615  m above sea level. NN at. Steinbrück mill was located in the far eastern part of the district of Hartmannsdorf . The Wilde Weißeritz, which runs roughly from south to north, marks a field and city boundary. The orographically right side, east of the valley path , on which, among other things, the Kreherschmiede stood, already belongs to the Hennersdorf district and thus to the large district town of Dippoldiswalde . Neighboring, still existing settlements are in addition to Hennersdorf in the northeast and Hartmannsdorf in the northwest, the Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau districts Neubau in the west and Reichenau in the south and the Dippoldiswalder district Ammelsdorf in the southeast.

history

Place name and origin

Steinbrückmühle initially only referred to a mill building and later spread to the whole place. The place name means mill on the stone bridge. The early presence of a stone bridge suggests an important river crossing. In fact, on the one hand the tin road leading from the tin ore mines in Altenberg and Niederpöbel via Ammelsdorf and Hartmannsdorf to the huts in the Freiberg mountain area crossed the Wilde Weißeritz at the Steinbrückmühle, on the other hand the Poststrasse from Frauenstein via Reichenau and Hennersdorf to Dippoldiswalde (in sections identical to the federal road 171 ). Both streets shared the route in the area of ​​the bridge. The heavily frequented river crossing contributed to the formation of a village around the mill building; the former 21 other mills in the valley of the Wild Weißeritz, including the Lehnmühle downstream , remained individual buildings. Between Rehefeld-Zaunhaus and Tharandt , the narrow valley largely did not allow any large settlements. Only in the section between Lehnmühle and Steinbrückmühle were the slopes flat and free of forest, which also favored the development of the place.

History of the mill

The watermill belonged to Helbigsdorf, which was abandoned before the 17th century and was destroyed by the Hussites in 1432 at the time of the Hussite Wars and 200 years later by the Croats in the Thirty Years' War ; it was not rebuilt until 1665. In 1445 it was mentioned as a mill "bey der steinen brukken". The mill changed owners frequently, and in 1581 it belonged to the Frauenstein council. In 1608 it was built as a stone building with three corridors and in 1701 the state transferred it to the forest and hunting clerk Samuel Baldauf. At the beginning of the 18th century, Christian Silbermann (1673–1728), an older half-brother of the important organ builder Gottfried Silbermann , who came from nearby Kleinbobritzsch , was the miller of the Steinbrückmühle.

The mill burned down on February 15, 1730 and was looted by members of the Imperial Army in 1762 during the Seven Years' War . In 1901 it burned down again. It was then rebuilt, but the neighboring farm building was not until 1912. The foreclosure auction was ordered the following year. The Mühlgraben branched off several hundred meters above the mill orographically to the left of the Wilden Weißeritz. At the level of the creek called Höllenlochfluss on old maps, he crossed the road leading south along the Weißeritz and took it up. Immediately above the mill, the Neubauer Bach flowed into it. Paul Pretzsch acquired the Mühlgraben in 1918 and had a power generator built on it to supply the place with electrical energy. The old mill below the bridge now served as a grist mill or had meanwhile become a rural property. Kurt Pretzsch operated a grinding mill above the bridge.

History of the place

The map created by Matthias Oeder around 1600 shows a “Brück” and a “Mül” on the spot. The Steinbrückmühle was part of the scattered settlement of Neubau that had arisen on the old Helbigsdorfer corridors, the total number of inhabitants of which was “incl. der Steinernen Bruͤckmuͤhle “was given 14 in 1791 and belonged to the Frauenstein office . A small settlement with around ten buildings developed around the Steinbrückmühle, including the Gasthof Steinbrückmühle immediately southwest of the bridge. In 1819 August Schumann wrote , "3 beautiful, important buildings [in the village of Neubau], namely the Steinbrückmühle, the inn and the escort house , are in the Weißeritzthale by the Steinbrücke". This bridge then had two arches made of brick; it had to be rebuilt several times after being destroyed by floods, including in the 17th century.

In a further description from 1819 it says: “At the beautiful and large Steinbrückmühle there is a sawmill and so much grazing that over 20 cows are kept.” The painter Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Wegener painted the Steinbrückmühle in 1838; this work is in the Kupferstichkabinett Dresden . In 1840 Albert Schiffner called “the large stone bridge mill with saws, strong cattle ranching and the Gasthof zum rothen Hirsch, which was sold by the state in 1701, which, in addition to 4 houses 1 St. from Frauenstein on the Weisseritz, stands very gracefully where the Dresdener Strasse the river crossed by means of the stone bridge, only to split immediately afterwards to Dippoldiswalde and Altenberg ”.

History of the road

The road from Reichenau via Neubau and Steinbrückmühle to Hennersdorf still led straight and steeply through the Weißeritztal in the late 19th century. Before 1912 it was completely re-routed in order to achieve lower gradients. The old route south of the brook coming from Neubau has been preserved as a forest path. The new route led north of the stream down into the valley, then described a wide curve and no longer led at right angles, but almost parallel to the slope into the valley. At a sharp bend between the mill and the inn she turned towards the bridge. Immediately after the bridge there was the branch on the right to the Kreherschmiede, a forge and iron grinding shop operated by August Kreher around 1900, but already in existence around 1850, which used the adjacent water power, but was not part of Steinbrückmühle, but belonged to Hennersdorf as an individual property no.70. After another bend, the road climbed out of the valley, also along the slope, and finally turned again to the east.

Administrative history

The border between the main tax office in Pirna and the main customs office in Marienberg ran along the Wilder Weißeritz, to whose area Steinbrückmühle belonged. The inland customs line also ran past the Steinbrückmühle, which is around 15 kilometers by road from the Saxon-Bohemian border, and the area south of it was in the customs border district . In addition, three mining district districts met at the Steinbrückmühle: the Freiberg district west of the Wilden Weißeritz and - each east of the river - the Altenberg district south and the Glashütte district north of the Zinnstrasse. On the slopes west of Steinbrückmühle was the Bellmannswald, part of the Frauenstein state forest district, on the edge of which a forester's house was built around 1926 to the west above Steinbrückmühle. In the 1920s there were 55 residents in eleven houses that belonged to the Hartmannsdorf community in the Dippoldiswalde district administration .

Flooding in 1932

From 1927 to 1931 the Lehnmühle dam was built as flood protection and to supply drinking water to the cities of Dresden and Freital . The landowners, including innkeeper Paul Jäpelt, were expropriated. Some houses were abandoned and demolished before the flooding. Parts thereof found elsewhere reuse, the water wheel of Steinbrück mill, which until 1942 eleven kilometers north-eastern of 1930 Lower Frauendorf on Lockwitzbach of electricity was used. The road leading through Steinbrückmühle was moved south in 1930/31 and crosses the dam at its upper end on a dam with a passage. As federal highway 171 , it still runs on this 2.5-kilometer bypass, which replaces the 1.5-kilometer old route through the valley. The material for the 14 meter high dam comes from a quarry next to the Kreherschmiede.

When the Wilde Weißeritz caused an unexpected flood in the middle of winter at the beginning of January 1932 as a result of a change in the weather at the turn of the year, which was accompanied by snowmelt and heavy rainfall for days, those responsible decided to test the Lehnmühle dam for the first time, although several buildings were still inhabited. As a result, the town of Steinbrückmühle was flooded a few months ahead of schedule. The residents took themselves to safety on the upper floors and were evacuated by raft. The buildings were hastily evacuated and, after the water had receded due to a new period of frost, demolished in March / April 1932.

Visibility at low tide

When the water is extremely low, the remains of Steinbrückmühle are visible. This was the case for the first time in the winter of 1974/75 due to construction work on the dam and for the second time as a result of the drought and heat in Europe in 2018 . According to reports in several daily newspapers, the area cleared by water attracted numerous onlookers from August 2018. From early September to mid-October 2018 the water level was less than 501  m above sea level. NN and thus more than 17 m below the congestion destination. At this point in time, the basin volume was 3 million cubic meters, a fifth of the storage target of around 15 million cubic meters. As a result, the Wilde Weißeritz flowed again under the bridge and only flowed below it into the reservoir. By the beginning of October, she had dug herself so deeply into the mud under the bridge that parts of the old stone wall had become visible. The water level then increased slowly at first, after heavy rainfall in December then sometimes by more than half a meter a day, until the dam with the bridge was completely under water again from Christmas Eve 2018. For a few days in August 2020, the basin content sank to less than 3.6 million cubic meters and the water level fell below 502.5  m NN , which brought the bridge to light again.

traces

Marked locations of former Steinbrückmühle houses on a model of the Lehnmühle dam at the exhibition on its history

Occasionally an exhibition opens in Hartmannsdorf on the history of the Lehnmühle dam and the town of Steinbrückmühle. An information board at the Steinbrückmühle seating area, located above the dam on the old road from Neubau down to Steinbrückmühle, provides information about the history of the place. Next to it is the more than two-ton grindstone of the Wagner mill, which was recovered from the edge of the then not completely filled reservoir in August 2014, which was demolished in 1930 and was located above Steinbrückmühle and was also demolished with the dam construction and then flooded. Since the former forester's house on the western edge of Steinbrückmühle was demolished in 2011, none of the town's buildings have remained intact at their original location.

Talsperren-Café in a new building, formerly the Emil Hübler restaurant in Steinbrückmühle, offset structure

In order to save building materials, at least two Steinbrückmühler buildings were dismantled step by step and then rebuilt in the nearby town. One of them is the Talsperren-Café at Hennersdorfer Straße 87 ( 50 ° 48 ′ 59.7 ″  N , 13 ° 34 ′ 45.7 ″  E ), which is of architectural and local significance and to the cultural monuments in Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau heard. The house with the distinctive hipped mansard roof and exposed half-timbering in its large gables can still be seen on postcards from before 1930 at its original location in Steinbrückmühle, where it was built around 1905 and was known as the Emil Hübler restaurant. Currently (as of 2018) it is empty. The building at Hennersdorfer Straße 87B, the southwestern neighbor of the Talsperren-Café, is also a staggered structure. It emerged from Kurt Pretzsch's grinding mill and currently (as of 2018) serves as a residential building.

If the reservoir content of the dam is less than 30 percent of the storage target, the water gradually releases the former location. When the water level falls, the first thing to see is the old road leading down on both sides of the valley, which crosses the valley floor as a dam with the stone arch bridge and a significantly smaller, arched passage 20 meters further west of the large bridge. The course of the road leading south from Steinbrückmühle on the left bank of the Weißeritz to Schönfeld is also easy to understand , where the bridge arch over the Mühlgraben is still preserved south of Steinbrückmühle. Along both streets, the remains of former sycamore avenues can be found numerous tree stumps with roots washed free.

The foundations of several buildings have been preserved in Steinbrückmühle, including those of the inn. The foundation walls of the Kreherschmiede belonging to Hennersdorf with a water wheel are best preserved . At the bridge, on the Steinbrückmühler upstream side, right next to the stone arch, the rest of a level measuring system can be seen. In 2018, the state dam administration of Saxony warned against entering the ruins. The stone bridge is no longer stable. Scientists from TU Dresden made a 3D model of the bridge during the low water in 2018 .

literature

  • Werner Ernst: Mills in the valley of the Wild Weißeritz. In: Farmhouses and farms in Saxony. Edition 3/2006, pp. 8-10.
  • Karl Fischer: Memorial 20th Century. Frauenstein 1999. In: Rico Dittrich: Exhibition on the history of the Lehnmühle dam.
  • Horst Schulz: The Steinbrückmühle. In: Back then in Reichstädt. Reichstädt 2005, p. 47.

Web links

Commons : Steinbrückmühle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Kreherschmiede  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Moritz von Süßmilch : The Erzgebirge in prehistory, past and present. Hermann Graser Verlag, Annaberg 1889, 2nd edition 1894, p. 264 ( digitized version ).
  2. ↑ Helbigsdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony , accessed on September 7, 2018.
  3. ↑ Christian August Bahn: Das Amt, Schloß und Städtgen Frauenstein, which is noteworthy because of its antiquity, as well as because of the owners, changes, scholars and honored sons, among other events, recently described and with good reason of truth proven with attached documents. Friedrichstadt 1748, p. 166 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Archives in the main state archive in Dresden . Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  5. ^ Marc Schaefer: Recherches sur la famille et l'oeuvre des Silbermann en Alsace. In: Publications of the Walcker Foundation for Organ Research. Vol. 23, Cologne 2012, p. 61 ( digitized version ).
  6. ↑ Christian August Bahn: Das Amt, Schloß und Städtgen Frauenstein, which is noteworthy because of its antiquity, as well as because of the owners, changes, scholars and honored sons, among other events, recently described and with good reason of truth proven with attached documents. Friedrichstadt 1748, p. 198 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Journal of Art, Science and the History of War. Vol. 98, Mittler und Sohn, Berlin 1856, p. 131 ( digitized version ).
  8. ^ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther : Historical book of place names of Saxony. Vol. II, Berlin 2001. p. 94 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ New building in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony , accessed on September 7, 2018.
  10. ↑ August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony, containing a correct and detailed geographical, topographical and historical representation of all cities, towns, villages, castles, courtyards, mountains, forests, lakes, rivers, etc., the entire Royal. and Prince. Saxon country including the Principality of Schwarzburg, the Erfurt area, as well as the Reussian and Schönburg possessions. Vol. 6, Schumann, Zwickau 1819, p. 823 ( digitized version ).
  11. ^ Willi König, Reinhard Joachim Süring: Journal for Meteorology. Vol. 17-18, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1963, p. 85.
  12. ↑ August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony, containing a correct and detailed geographical, topographical and historical representation of all cities, towns, villages, castles, courtyards, mountains, forests, lakes, rivers, etc., the entire Royal. and Prince. Saxon country including the Principality of Schwarzburg, the Erfurt area, as well as the Reussian and Schönburg possessions. Vol. 6, Schumann, Zwickau 1819, p. 824 ( digitized version ).
  13. ^ Albert Schiffner : Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony. Second delivery, containing the Dresden district directorate. Friedrich Fleischer, Leipzig 1840, p. 660 ( digitized version ).
  14. ↑ Gottlob Leberecht Funke: The police laws and ordinances of the Kingdom of Saxony, with the epitome of organic and formal provisions. IV. Volume, Hahn'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1856, p. 417 ( digitized version ).
  15. ^ Statistical Association for the Kingdom of Saxony (Ed.): Communications of the statistical association for the Kingdom of Saxony. Eighth delivery, Meinhold & Sons, Dresden 1837, p. 2 ( digitized version ).
  16. ↑ a b c d e Anja Ehrhartsmann: The last houses of Steinbrückmühle. sz-online.de , October 12, 2018, accessed on November 2, 2018.
  17. ↑ a b c Hermann Tydecks: Low water in the dam: reunion with a sunken village. tag24.de, August 20, 2018, accessed on September 7, 2018.
  18. ^ Archival material in the main state archive in Dresden . Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  19. ↑ Niederfrauendorf, three mills. lockwitztal.de, accessed on September 17, 2018.
  20. ↑ Annett Heyse: Memories of Steinbrückmühle. sz-online.de , September 7, 2018, accessed on September 11, 2018.
  21. ↑ a b Without an author: This is what the old dam bridge actually looks like. sz-online.de , October 29, 2018, accessed on November 2, 2018.
  22. ↑ State dam administration of the Free State of Saxony : dam reporting center. Dam TS Lehnmühle. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  23. ↑ Anja Ehrhartsmann: The Lehnmühlenforscher. sz-online.de , September 7, 2018, accessed on September 11, 2018.
  24. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments of Saxony : Cultural monuments in the Free State of Saxony - Monument document, object document number 09277632. Accessed on September 10, 2018.
  25. ↑ mdr.de : Dam administration Saxony warns: Do not enter the ruins of the Lehnmühle in the Eastern Ore Mountains. August 17, 2018, accessed September 7, 2018.

Coordinates: 50 ° 49 ′ 13 ″  N , 13 ° 35 ′ 26 ″  E