Silent Night Holy Night

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The Silent Night Chapel in Oberndorf near Salzburg during Advent

Silent Night, Holy Night is the most famous Christmas carol and the epitome of Christmas customs in the German-speaking world . It was performed for the first time on December 24, 1818 in a Roman Catholic church in Oberndorf near Salzburg with a melody by Franz Xaver Gruber and the text by Joseph Mohr . Since then, the German lyrics have been translated and sung into 320 languages ​​and dialects worldwide. Of the original six stanzas, only the first, second and last stanzas are sung in the generally known version. In 2011, Silent Night, Holy Night was recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage in Austria upon application .

history

Emergence

This depiction inspired Vicar Joseph Mohr to write the line of verse in 1816: "Holder Knab 'im curly hair". High altar Mariapfarr, around 1500.

At Christmas Eve 1818, led Arnsdorfer village school teacher and organist Franz Xaver Gruber (1787-1863) and the auxiliary priest Joseph Mohr (1792-1848) in the Schifferkirche St. Nikola in Oberndorf bei Salzburg , the Christmas carol Silent Night as men's duet for the first time on . Mohr accompanied the duet of tenor and baritone in D major with his guitar and sang the first, Gruber the second .

Mohr had already written the later lyrics in 1816 in Mariapfarr in the Salzburg district of Lungau in the form of a poem. Conrad Franz Xaver Gruber, the son of a poor linen weaver family from Hochburg-Ach in the Innviertel , then composed a melody for this poem before Christmas 1818 at the request of Joseph Mohr. The exact genesis of the song can be traced from two documents: on the one hand through the authentic cause and on the other hand through the oldest surviving autograph by Joseph Mohr, which was only found in 1995 in Salzburg. This autograph, dated around 1823, is the oldest document for the genesis of the song. It is owned by the Salzburg Museum Association and is kept in the Salzburg Museum . Both documents complement and confirm each other in the following findings:

  1. Joseph Mohr wrote the text as a poem in Mariapfarr as early as 1816 (see the autograph on which the note mpria [=  manu propria ] is located at the bottom left ).
  2. Joseph Mohr asked Franz Xaver Gruber to set the text to music (see authentic occasion ). At the same time, the note at the top right of the autograph (note: “Melodie von Franz Xaver Gruber”) removed any last doubts about the composition by Franz Xaver Gruber.
  3. So Joseph Mohr was not only a poet, but also the initiator of the song. In addition, he also took part in the premiere alongside Franz Xaver Gruber as a singer and guitarist.

The churchgoers in Oberndorf loved the text and melody of the song. There is no reliable information about the motives that led to the creation of the song. One assumption is that the church's old positive could not have been played on and that Mohr and Gruber therefore created a song with guitar accompaniment. There are many legends and romantic stories surrounding the premiere of Silent Night , which embellish the story of its origins with anecdotal details.

distribution

Anniversary card 1918
Silent Night, Holy Night , sung by Ernestine Schumann-Heink
English version Silent Night , sung by the US Army Choir

Karl Mauracher

The first step in spreading the song is attributed to the fact that both Joseph Mohr and Franz Xaver Gruber were acquainted with Karl Mauracher , an organ maker from Fügen in the Zillertal, who took the song with him. Mauracher had stayed several times in Arnsdorf and Oberndorf, where he had repaired both the organ of the pilgrimage church in Arnsdorf and that of the Schifferkirche St. Nikola , and then rebuilt it in 1825.

In 1819 for Christmas mass the song was already sung in Fügen. There it was taken over by the Rainer siblings, who sang in the church choir of Fügen.

At the beginning of the 19th century, numerous families from the Zillertal increased their income as traveling traders, the rural population preferred in winter. Since folk music was traditionally cultivated in the Zillertal, some of the traders lured buyers to their stands with music and singing.

Siblings Rainer

The appearance in front of the Austrian Emperor Franz I and the Russian Tsar Alexander I in the Imperial Chamber of Fügen Castle at the beginning of October 1822 started the Rainer siblings' singing career. The Emperor and the Tsar visited the castle on a stopover en route to the Verona Congress . The fact that Silent Night was sung at this concert belongs in the realm of legends. The Rainer siblings traveled internationally in different line-ups between 1824 and 1843. They visited Germany, Great Britain and Russia and sang in parks, inns, salons, concert halls and theaters. In their appearance they were seen as simple "children of nature". In 1827 the five of them traveled to Great Britain for the first time. Their appearances attracted attention.

The Strasser siblings

The Strasser siblings from Laimach, which is now part of the municipality of Hippach in the Schwaz district in Tyrol ( Austria ), were a well-known family of traveling merchants . In addition to their small farms, the Strassers traded in gloves. The widowed father Lorenz Strasser was with his children Anna, Amalie, Caroline, Josef and Alexander on the markets in the near and far and sold gloves, bed linen, underwear and "elastic waistbands". In order to draw attention to their goods, the children sang “real Tyrolean songs” as a singing group, which was very popular.

In 1831 Anna (* 1802), Joseph (* 1807), Amalie (* 1809) and Caroline (* 1813) also had their stand at the Leipzig Christmas market , albeit without Alexander, who had died in Königsberg that same year . Her repertoire included the song Silent Night, Holy Night .

Franz Alscher, the organist and cantor of the Catholic diaspora community in Leipzig, heard the song in the city and asked the siblings to sing it for Christmas mass in the Catholic chapel in the Pleißenburg . The Tyroleans became a topic of conversation in the city. Before their departure they performed on January 19, 1832 during the breaks of a concert in the Leipzig Gewandhaus .

The Allgemeine Musikische Zeitung wrote about it on February 1st: “The three lovely daughters and a son of the Strasser family from the Zillerthale (merchants, not singers by profession) were asked for so long during the break until the full gathering was happy granted to perform some of the Tyrolean national songs so lovingly that the hall echoed with stormy cheers. "

The Strasser siblings were back in Leipzig in the winter of 1832/33 and gave their own concert on December 15, 1832 in the hall of the old Hôtel de Pologne (formerly Gasthof Zum Birnbaum ). Even if it wasn't in the program, Silent Night was listed in the Leipziger Tagblatt at the request of an anonymous letter to the editor . This now appeared in print, initially on leaflets in 1833 and in 1840 by A. R. Friese (Dresden and Leipzig).

Due to their success in Leipzig, from then on the Strassers devoted themselves exclusively to singing and traveled all over Germany as a traveling group of singers. In Berlin , the cathedral choir took over the Silent Night song for the Christmas masses, where it became the favorite song of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV . It is also thanks to the latter that the modest Franz Xaver Gruber finally confirmed his authorship of the song in 1854, which until then was considered the Tyrolean folk tune. For this he wrote the handwritten Authentic Request .

Due to the death of Amalie Strasser, who died in Leipzig in 1835, the singing group broke up. The Strasser siblings are still remembered by their former home in Laimach (Lage) , where a museum was set up in 1999.

Early prints

Cover of the first edition in Dresden

The song was first printed in 1833 by AR Friese in Dresden on a leaflet under the title Vier ächte Tyroler-Lieder together with three other songs and in 1840 in a collection of songs entitled Vier ächte Tiroler Lieder . In New York in 1840 the text of the song was printed without notes and in 1866 with notes (already in the fifth edition).

Authentic cause

The memory of the originator of the song quickly faded, the song was considered a folk song . It is thanks to King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia (1795–1861), who particularly loved the song, that the authors are still known today: In 1854, his court orchestra approached the St. Peter Abbey (Salzburg) with a request Copy of the song that was mistaken for a work by Michael Haydn (1737–1806). On this way one came across the composer Franz Xaver Gruber, who lives in Hallein, by chance, who then handwritten his authentic motivation for the composition of the Christmas carol "Silent Night, Holy Night" .

20th and 21st centuries

In 1914, German and British soldiers sang Silent Night together at the so-called Christmas Peace .

In 1934 Bing Crosby sang Silent Night on his Christmas radio show . The recording became the third most successful music single with 30 million copies.

In 1941 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill sang Silent Night with the crowd in the White House garden .

In 1943, the writer Hertha Pauli (1906–1973) found that many Americans considered the song Silent Night to be an "American folk song", and wrote the book Silent Night about it in the USA . The Story of a Song , in which she explained the actual origin of the song.

Silent Night District with Silent Night Chapel (left) in Oberndorf

The Silent Night Chapel in Oberndorf, which stands on the site of the St. Nikola Church, which was demolished at the beginning of the 20th century after flood damage, is now a tourist attraction. The creation of the song was portrayed in 1997 by the television director Franz Xaver Bogner (* 1949) in the television film Das Ewige Lied (with Tobias Moretti ). Historic voids have been filled with artistic freedom. The museum in the Widumspfiste in Fügen houses its own department in which the spread of the song Silent Night is documented.

In Hochburg-Ach, the famous composer is honored with the “Gruberhäusl”, in which utensils from the Gruber family's household effects can still be seen, and the Franz-Xaver-Gruber-Friedensweg. Every year in December, the play In Search of the Silent Night is a reminder of how tedious the search for the actual composer was. In addition to the Silent Night Museum Oberndorf , the village school in Arnsdorf, where Gruber once taught, houses another “Silent Night Museum”.

In the pilgrimage site of Mariapfarr, the family house of Joseph Mohr's father, the so-called “Schargler Keusche”, still stands today as a cultural monument in its original state. In the rectory is the pilgrimage and silent night museum with documents on the life of Joseph Mohr.

In March 2011 the Austrian UNESCO Commission added the song as Silent Night - the Christmas song to the list of the intangible cultural heritage of Austria (also as a representative of the Christmas celebrations typical in the entire German-speaking area ) and also to the international UNESCO cultural heritage (complete list) suggested. It was shown for all of Austria.

On December 6, 2013, the premiere of the Singspiel Silent Night, Holy Night , which depicts the creation of the song in a free arrangement, took place in Bad Hindelang .

Since it was first recorded on record by the American Haydn Quartet in October 1905, the Christmas carol has been one of the best-selling worldwide. The 1935 recording of Bing Crosby alone reached an estimated 10 million copies by 2003.

music

Original melody

The original composition is intended for two equal voices. Gruber wrote the work in D major, so most of the autographs are in this key. The melody of Silent Night has characteristic features of the Siciliano . The song is a pastorelle , i.e. shepherd music. At the same time it was composed as a lullaby for the baby Jesus in the typical rocking 6/8 time. With a dotted eighth note, the cradle is triggered in every measure in the figurative sense.

At the premiere following the Christmas mass, both authors of the piece played with Mohr and Gruber: Gruber sang bass and Mohr sang tenor and accompanied on guitar .

Since the piece was premiered in the form of a kind of “shepherd's play” in front of the Christmas crib on a side altar in the parish church, the original version was kept very simple. Only in later autographs did Gruber adapt the song to the respective line-up.

Original melody
<< \ new Staff << \ new Voice = "melody" \ relative c '' {\ autoBeamOff \ tempo 4 = 60 \ set Score.tempoHideNote = ## t \ voiceOne \ language "deutsch" \ key d \ major \ time 6/8 a8. [h16] a8 f sharp4 h8 \ rest a8. h16 a8 f sharp4 h8 \ rest e8. [dis16] e8 c sharp4 h8 \ rest d8. [c sharp16] d8 a4 h8 \ rest h4 h8 d8. [c sharp16] h8 a8. h16 a8 f sharp4 h8 \ rest h4 h8 d8. [c sharp16] h8 a8. h16 a8 f sharp4 h8 \ rest c sharp8. cis16 cis8 e8. d16 c sharp8 d4. (f sharp 4) h, 8 \ rest d8. a16 f sharp8 a8. g16 e8 d4. ~ d4 h'8 \ rest} \ new Voice \ relative c '{\ voiceTwo \ autoBeamOff% \ omit "Rest_engraver" fis8. [g16] f sharp8 d4 s8 f sharp8. g16 f sharp8 d4 s8 g8. [f sharp16] g8 e4 s8 f sharp8. [e16] f sharp8 f sharp4 s8 g4 g8 h8. [a16] g8 f sharp8. g16 f sharp8 d4 s8 g4 g8 h8. [a16] g8 f sharp8. g16 f sharp8 d4 s8 e8. e16 e8 g8. f sharp16 e8 f sharp4. (a4) s8 f sharp8. f sharp 16 d8 f sharp 8. e16 cis8 d4. ~ d4} >> \ new Lyrics \ lyricsto "melody" {style - le night! Holy Night! Everything is sleeping; lonely wakes only the married couple. Get the boy in the loose hair, sleep in heavenly peace! __ Sleep in heavenly peace! __} >>

Autographs

Autograph "Mohr" (1820/1825)
Autograph "Gruber VII" (1860)

Josef Gassner lists seven handwritten writings of the song Silent Night, Holy Night by the composer Gruber. He numbered them according to the chronological order assumed at the time with the Roman numerals I to VII. Three versions of these autographs are considered lost: Gruber I, the original from 1818, as well as Gruber III and Gruber VI. Thomas Hochradner describes the autographs “Hochradner a to g”. In his directory he lists another manuscript from the music collection of the Austrian National Library as “Hochradner c”. However, the authorship of this manuscript is unsecured. Instead, he ignores the lost manuscript “Gruber VI”.

The oldest document on the song, however, comes from Joseph Mohr (= Hochradner a). The autograph is undated, but Mohr states on this sheet that he wrote the text in 1816 and that Franz Xaver Gruber is the composer. It should be both the original text, but also the spelling and punctuation as Mohr wanted. This autograph therefore has a musical peculiarity: In bars 5 and 7 he dots the first note (“only” and the first syllable of “holder”) analogous to the beginning of the song. Maybe Gruber wrote this manuscript from memory.

The oldest surviving autograph by the composer Gruber is "Gruber IV" (= Hochradner e). This official "Halleiner Version" is the only one that Gruber has dated, but it also has the most extensive arrangement of the song by the composer. The envelope reads: “II. Spiritual songs on Holy Christmas Eve. Set to music for four voices, 2 violins, viola, flauto, bassoon, 2 clarinets, 2 French horns, violon and organ by Franz X. Gruber, choir regent and organist at the parish church in Hallein. December 12th, 1836. “In this autograph, the final chorus is given for the first time in the repetition for four voices and there is a prelude as well as an aftermath. Because of the wind parts, the song is given in E flat major.

Chronological list of the autographs
Name (Gassner) Name (Hochradner) date key Tact be right Instruments Repository
Gruber I. Hochradner b December 24, 1818 D major 6/8 2 votes guitar lost
Moor Hochradner a 1820/1825 D major 6/8 2 votes guitar Salzburg
Gruber III Hochradner 1830 6/8 2 votes organ lost
Gruber IV Hochradner e December 12, 1836 E flat major 6/8 4 votes ensemble Hallein
Gruber V Hochradner 1845 D major 6/8 2 solo voices & 4 choir voices String trio, horn Hallein
Gruber II Hochradner 1854 D major 6/8 2 votes unaccompanied Hallein
Gruber VI December 30, 1854 lost
Gruber VII Hochradner 1860 D major 6/8 Soprano, alto organ Salzburg

Contemporary arrangements

Both Gruber and Mohr took part in regular social meetings, including “Singparthien”, where songs were exchanged. Among the songs exchanged was probably the Christmas carol they wrote together and passed it on to friends and colleagues. They copied the song or adapted it to their own needs and circumstances. For example, additional horn parts or an organ version were written. The autographs Gruber III to V are examples of such arrangements by the composer himself. Organ builder Carl Mauracher could also have had a copy of the piece among his colleagues . The oldest known copy was in the songbook of the teacher and organist Blasius Wimmer (1797–1868) from Waidring . The book, which was started on July 22, 1819, is now considered lost. In his songbook the night was replaced by the day and a seventh stanza was added:

“Holy day! Silent Night! / Could also be made known / by the same shining star / It sounds loud in near and far '/ Jesus, the Savior is here! Jesus the Savior is here! "

In November 1822, the Salzburg cathedral choralist and city parish choir regent made a copy of the piece for two voices, two clarinets in C, two horns in D and organ. He describes the song as a "Christmas song". His copy has the same peculiarities as Mohr's autograph: in bars five and seven the same dotted accents are used.

In 2016 a previously unknown print of Silent Night appeared in a Viennese second-hand bookshop . It is the oldest text print of the song to date. The text of Silent Night in the Greis pamphlet shows all six stanzas in the same order as the Mohr autograph and the four Gruber autographs. According to Michael Neureiter , President of the Silent Night Society , the leaflet was probably printed close to the premiere.

Adaptations in classical music

Examples:

  • Carl Heins : Und Friede auf Erden !: Christmas Fantasy (with text underlay) on popular songs for pianoforte: Edition for pianoforte for 2 hands (1890)
  • Max Reger : Christmas dream for piano, fantasy about "Silent Night, Holy Night" , two or four hands
  • Arthur Honegger : Une Cantate de Noël , for choir, children's choir, baritone solo, organ and orchestra (1953)
  • Krzysztof Penderecki : 2nd Symphony ( Christmas Symphony ), for orchestra (1979/1980)
  • Bertold Hummel : Silent Night - 3 variations and an afterthought from a distance for speakers and eight-part mixed choir a cappella (1974/1980)
  • Alfred Schnittke : Silent Night , for violin and piano (1978)
  • Max Bruch : The Song of the Bell, oratorio after Friedrich Schiller op. 45 (1872); No. 22 Terzett Holder Friede .

Adaptations in Pop Music

Examples:

song lyrics

Popular movement of the current version from the " Folksong book for mixed choir "

Original text and current version

The song comprises a total of six stanzas. The choir version in use today goes back to the Leipzig Thomaskantor Gustav Schreck (1849–1918).

The well-known form, which is mostly sung, differs from this version, among other things, in the following points: On the one hand, only three stanzas are sung, namely the first and second and then the sixth as the third - partly, such as B. in the Evangelical Hymnal or in the Praise of God (2013), the last two are also swapped; on the other hand, the word "Jesus" is replaced by "Christ". A few older forms, such as the old accusative Jesum and curly, and a few other little things in the second stanza also sound unusual. In the sixth stanza, the line “Sounds loud from far and near” has been changed to the more modern sounding “Sounds loud from far and near”. In some of Gruber's autograph sheet music, in which the stanzas are assigned to solo parts, the last two lines of all stanzas are repeated by the choir, i.e. sung four times.

At the annual commemorative mass in front of the Silent Night Chapel in Oberndorf near Salzburg , all six stanzas of the song have been performed again since 2006.

Original text Common version

Christmas song.

Silent Night! Holy Night!
Everything is sleeping; lonely wakes
only the dear holy couple.
Elderly boy in curly hair,
sleep in heavenly peace!
Sleep in heavenly peace!

Silent Night Holy Night!
Everyone sleeps, lonely
only the dear, most holy couple wake up .
Old boy with curly hair,
sleep in heavenly peace,
sleep in heavenly peace.

Silent Night! Holy Night!
God's Son! O how
love laughs from your divine mouth,
As the hour of salvation strikes us.
Jesus in your birth!
Jesus in your birth!

Silent Night Holy Night!
Son of God, oh how
love laughs out of your divine mouth,
the hour of salvation strikes us,
Christ, in your birth,
Christ, in your birth.

Silent Night! Holy Night!
Those who brought salvation to the world,
From heaven's golden heights,
let us see the abundance of graces
Jesus in human form,
Jesus in human form

 

Silent Night! Holy Night!
Where today all the power of
fatherly love poured out
And as a brother
,
Jesus graciously embraced the peoples of the world, Jesus the peoples of the world.

 

Silent Night! Holy Night!
Long thought about us,
When the Lord freed us from
anger , In the primeval times of the fathers,
promised protection of
all the world, promised protection of all world.

 

Silent Night! Holy Night!
Shepherds first made known
By the angel Alleluia, it
sounds aloud at distance and near:
Jesus the Savior is here!
Jesus the Savior is here!

Silent Night Holy Night!
Shepherds first announced,
through the angel Hallelujah it
sounds aloud from far and near:
Christ, the savior, is there,
Christ, the savior, is there!

Inclusion in hymn books

Silent night can be found u. a. in the following hymn books, always with three stanzas, unless otherwise stated:

Translations

According to several sources, the song Silent Night, Holy Night has been translated into more than 300 languages. This number is difficult or impossible to check because there is no complete list of all language versions. In many cases it is difficult to distinguish between language groups and dialects. Schmaus lists in his 1967 publication Silent Night, Holy Night: History and Spread of a Song, 41 language versions. In his scientifically based approach, he lists the texts in the original and in transcription . In order to show the differences in meanings in the different versions, he also had the texts translated back into German . Martin Reiter lists in his 2018 book Silent Night - a reading, picture and travel book with the lyrics in 125 languages ​​and 125 transcriptions, but without references. Several different text versions appear in its list in some languages. Eight languages ​​in his list are artificial languages, such as the Klingon version “Qath'lo! MajQa ". Wallace J. Bronner lists 177 languages ​​in his 1994 publication, listing different language versions as a separate translation; for example, he lists the Kannada language spoken in South India twice. He also lists Braille as a language. In addition, there are several different versions of the text in individual languages, so over 40 versions are known in English , seven versions in Maori , five in Latin and six versions in the Frisian languages .

Tina Breckwoldt lists Silent Night in her 2018 publication . A song with a story , based on Bronner's listing, a majority of the language versions of Silent Night (except for artificial languages), without claiming to be exhaustive.

Translated into Danish: “Glade jul, dejlige jul…” [roughly: Merry Christmas, wonderful Christmas, angels descend in secret! Here they fly with the paradise green ...] in the church hymn book Den Danske Salmebog , Copenhagen 1953, No. 110 (4 stanzas after Ingemann; 4th stanza content: blessed peace, heavenly peace, angels bring the message of him who is in der Krippe lay), taken over in Den Danske Salmebog , Copenhagen 2002, No. 120 (inspired by the German-language song and with its melody). "Glade jul, dejlige jul, engle daler ned i skjul ..." (relatively loosely translated or re-poised by Bernhard Severin Ingemann , * 1789; † 1862, 1850 and 1852, with 4 stanzas) in the hymn book of the Danish folk high school Højskolesangbogen , 18 Edition, Copenhagen 2006, No. 237 with the 4th stanza after Ingemann and (in German, 3 stanzas without melody) No. 238 and (in English "Silent night, holy night, all is calm, all is bright ...", 3 stanzas without melody, these three stanzas largely correspond to the German-language model) No. 239.

Translated into Swedish “Stilla natt, heliga natt! Alt är frid. Stor och blid… “[translated by E. Evers, 1917] in Sånger för alla , Vasa 2007 (Finland-Swedish collection for practical use), p. 50 f.

reception

Movie

Feature films:

Films in which Silent Night is an important motif:

  • The Christmas Card , USA / Canada 2017, production company: Netflix , 104 min, director: Ernie Barbarash , actors: Eliza Taylor , Jake Lacy u. a. m. - One of the protagonists associatesbad memorieswith Silent Night . In addition to other Christmas melodies, this melody appears again and again in the film, especially in the happy ending.

Documentaries:

  • Silent Night! Holy Night! The message of peace from the SalzburgerLand. Salzburg 2009, ORF, director: Renate Lachinger
  • The message of «Silent Night» . Director: Frederick Baker, produced by Filmbäckerei on behalf of ORF 2010 ( criss-cross special )
  • "Silent Night" - The story of a Christmas carol
  • Silent Night - A Song for the World USA / A / GB 2018, Moonlake Entertainment / ServusTV / BR / Arte / NDR / Unitel, book / director: Hannes M. Schalle

Trivia

Pope Francis named the song as his favorite song on December 12, 2018.

literature

  • Rudolf Bayr: Silent Night, Holy Night. The book of the Christmas carol. Residence, Salzburg 1963, 1965, DNB 450283410 .
  • Hansjakob Becker u. a. (Ed.): Geistliches Wunderhorn. Great German hymns. 2nd Edition. CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-48094-2 .
  • Josef Bletzacher : History of a German Song . In: The Gazebo . Volume 6, 1891, pp. 98-99 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  • Tina Breckwoldt: Silent Night. A song with a story. Servus Verlag Salzburg, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-7104-0186-2 .
  • Franz Xaver Erni, Heinz Alexander Erni: Silent Night, Holy Night. The most beautiful Christmas carols. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 2002, ISBN 3-451-27859-6 .
  • Manfred Fischer: “Silent Night!” - 165 years ago for the first time in the USA. In: Leaves of the Silent Night Society (Oberndorf near Salzburg). Born in 2004, volume 42 (Dec. 2004), pp. 1–2.
  • Manfred Fischer: "Silent Night!" - Text was written in the year without summer [Tambora volcano]. In: Leaves of the Silent Night Society (Oberndorf b. Sbg). Volume 2006, Volume 44 (Dec. 2006), pp. 1–2.
  • Josef Gassner: Franz Xaver Gruber's autographs of “Silent Night, Holy Night” with the story of the song. Traffic and beautification association, Oberndorf an der Salzach 1968, DNB 572727860 .
  • Max Gehmacher: Silent night, holy night! The Christmas carol - how it came about and how it really is. Das Bergland-Buch, Salzburg 1937, DNB 573395268 .
  • Friedrich Haarhaus: Silent Night, Holy Night: Interesting facts about the most beautiful Advent and Christmas carols. St. Benno-Verlag, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-7462-1872-1 .
  • Andreas Heinz : 46 - Silent Night, Holy Night . In: Gerhard Hahn , Jürgen Henkys (Hrsg.): Liederkunde zum Evangelisches Gesangbuch . No. 13 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-50337-9 , pp. 28–35 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Wolfgang Herbst: Silent Night, Holy Night. The success story of a Christmas carol. Atlantis music book, Zurich / Mainz 2002, ISBN 3-254-00261-X .
  • Ernst Hintermaier (Ed.): Christmas carol “Silent Night! Holy Night!". The autograph versions and the contemporary traditions (= monuments of music in Salzburg. Individual editions, issue 4). Comes, Bad Reichenhall 1987, ISBN 3-88820-004-0 .
  • Thomas Hochradner, Gerhard Walterskirchen (ed.): 175 years of “Silent Night! Holy Night! ”Symposium report (= publications on Salzburg's music history , volume 5). Selke, Salzburg 1994, ISBN 3-901353-09-7 .
  • Thomas Hochradner (Ed.): “Silent Night! Holy Night! ”Between nostalgia and reality. Joseph Mohr - Franz Xaver Gruber - Your time (= Salzburg studies. Research on history, art and culture. 4). Volume for the Joseph Mohr Symposium 1999 Wagrain. Friends of Salzburg History, Salzburg 2002, ISBN 3-9500712-7-X .
  • Thomas Hochradner: Silent Night! Holy Night!. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 5, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-7001-3067-8 .
  • Thomas Hochradner (Ed.): Silent Night. The autographs of Joseph Mohr and Franz Xaver Gruber. Strube, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-89912-119-3 .
  • Thomas Hochradner, Michael Neureiter (Ed.): Silent Night: The book for the song . Anton Pustet, Salzburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-7025-0865-4 .
  • Werner König, Marlene Shirley: 1000 kilometers of silent night . Festungsverlag-Salzburg, Salzburg / Saalfelden 2018, ISBN 978-3-200-05738-8 .
  • Lenz Kriss-Rettenbeck: Bibliography of the Christmas carol "Silent Night, Holy Night". In: Oberösterr. Homeland papers. 23 (1969).
  • Fassou Bienvenu Loua: Music as a way of doing theology . Jesuit School of Theology at Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CL 2011, OCLC 909424946 (Dissertation STL Jesuit School of Theology at Santa Clara University 2011, III, 127 pages, English).
  • Martin Reiter: Silent Night! Holy Night! From Salzburg to the Zillertal - from the Zillertal to all over the world. Edition Tirol, Reith 2004, ISBN 3-85361-100-1 .
  • Klaus Sauerbeck : Silent Night, Holy Night. 2nd Edition. Haenssler, Holzgerlingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-7751-4759-0 .
  • Franz Schaub : Silent Night, Holy Night: The story of a world-famous song (= Husum paperback ). Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 1992, ISBN 3-88042-616-3 .
  • Alois Schmaus, Lenz Kriss-Rettenbeck (Ed.): Silent Night, Holy Night. History and spread of a song. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck / Munich 1967, 1968, OCLC 250114355 (for the 100th anniversary of the song, with numerous translations of the text (45 languages)), revision by Elmar Komjathi-Schwartz: Europe sings Silent Night, Holy Night ... Introduction by Norbert Mantl (= Schlern writings. Volume 230). Wagner, Innsbruck 1963, DNB 452519942 .
  • Josef A. Standl: Silent Night! Holy Night! - The message of a song that touches the people of this world. Verlag Documentation of Time, Oberndorf 1997, ISBN 3-901881-00-X .
  • Werner Thuswaldner: Silent Night! Holy Night! The story of a song. 2nd expanded edition. Residenz, Salzburg etc. 2018, ISBN 978-3-7017-3454-2 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • André Uzulis : Silent night, holy night. 200 years of eternal song, Paderborn 2018, ISBN 978-3-89710-789-2 .
  • Ingeborg Weber-Kellermann : The book of Christmas carols. 11th edition. Schott, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-254-08213-3 .
  • Silent Night companion in Salzburg communities. 2nd, revised edition. Silent Night Society, Oberndorf near Salzburg 2012, stillenacht.at (PDF; 271 kB).

media

Web links

Commons : Silent Night  - Collection of images and audio files
Wikisource: Silent Night, Holy Night  - Sources and Full Texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christmas carols: Silent Night, Holy Night , mdr.de, message from December 24, 2017.
  2. ↑ Andreas Schiendorfer: The story of "Silent Night". (No longer available online.) In: emagazine.credit-suisse.com. Credit Suisse , December 20, 2005, archived from the original on September 27, 2007 .;
  3. ↑ a b c d Franz Xaver Gruber: Authentic cause . ( Memento of December 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) December 30, 1854, Hallein; Silent Night Archive
  4. ↑ a b Autograph by Joseph Mohr ( Memento from December 2, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Myths and Legends - True and Untrue Stories . stillenacht.com; accessed on June 7, 2018
  6. ↑ a b c d e Breckwoldt p. 124 f.
  7. ↑ Silent Night, Holy Night - A song goes out into the world . In: Tyrolean Heimatblätter, Journal of history, nature and folklore , 31st year, January-March 1956, pp 1-3, extract with notes sagen.at .
  8. ↑ Breckwoldt 2018, p. 127 ff.
  9. ↑ Silent Night, Holy Night - A song goes out into the world. In: Tiroler Heimatblätter, magazine for history, natural history and folklore , 31st year, January – March 1956, ISSN  0040-8115 , pp. 1–3 ( digitized at www.sagen.at).
  10. ↑ contribution. In: Allgemeine Musikische Zeitung , 34th volume, No. 5, February 1, 1832, p. 78 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  11. ↑ a b Silent Night and Tyrol ( Memento from January 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ^ Strasser Häusle , accessed on January 14, 2015
  13. ↑ dissemination. In: stillenacht.at .
  14. ↑ The Strasser siblings on musikland-tirol.at .
  15. ↑ Oldest Silent Night print discovered outside of Europe. In: mein district.at. Retrieved December 25, 2018 .
  16. ↑ a b Silent Night - A Song for the World. Documentation by the Bavarian Radio, 2018.
  17. ↑ Silent Night was played in the garden of the White House in 1941. In: stillenacht.com, accessed on June 7, 2018.
  18. ↑ Hertha Pauli: Silent Night. The story of a song. Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1943.
  19. ↑ Museum Widumspfiste in Fügen
  20. ^ Museum . At stillenachtarnsdorf.at, accessed on December 23, 2018
  21. ↑ "Silent Night ...". In: wallfahrtsmuseum.at, accessed on December 1, 2018.
  22. ↑ Silent Night - the song for Christmas. (No longer available online.) In: Directory of the intangible cultural heritage in Austria. Austrian UNESCO Commission, archived from the original on October 6, 2013 ; Retrieved March 13, 2011 .
  23. ↑ Composition: Marco Hertenstein and Ludwig Thomas. Libretto: Brigitte Weber. Musical director: Dorothea Schweiger. World premiere in Bad Hindelang. The story of "Silent Night - Holy Night" is staged for the first time with music ( Memento from December 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  24. ↑ Victor Discography: Matrix B-2784. Silent night, hallowed night / Haydn Quartet
  25. ^ David A. Jasen: Tin Pan Alley: An Encyclopedia of the Golden Age of American Song . Taylor & Francis, 2003, ISBN 0-415-93877-5 , p. 94 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  26. ↑ Breckwoldt, p. 120 f.
  27. ↑ Oldest print of "Silent Night" surfaced . On November 14, 2016 at wien.orf.at, accessed on November 16, 2018
  28. ↑ And Friede auf Erden !: Christmas Fantasy (with text underlay) on popular songs for pianoforte: Edition for pianoforte for 2 hands - German digital library. Retrieved January 3, 2020 .
  29. ↑ Description of the work
  30. ↑ Benedikt Kranemann : "Silent Night": The story behind the Christmas carol. In: Focus , December 23, 2016.
  31. ↑ See Autograph II (around 1830) and Autograph VII (around 1860) on the Text and Music page ( memento from January 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) of the Silent Night Society
  32. ↑ Based on the autograph VII by Franz Xaver Gruber, 1860
  33. ↑ Quoted here from: Evangelisches Gesangbuch , edition for the Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Bavaria and Thuringia. 2nd Edition. Munich 1995, ISBN 3-583-12100-7 , p. 101. In modern prints, the last two stanzas are usually reversed. In order to enable better comparability, the respective stanzas are directly next to each other in the table.
  34. ↑ Not available in the previous Evangelical Church Hymn book.
  35. ↑ Not available in the previous church song.
  36. ↑ In the previous New Apostolic Hymn book from 1925 under no. 42, cf. Text edition (PDF; 72 MB) accessed on March 25, 2018; in its predecessor, which was also published in 1910 under the title New Apostolic Hymnbook , also under no. 42, cf. this table of contents , accessed March 25, 2018.
  37. ↑ In the predecessor Gotteslob (1975) No. 145 (without notes).
  38. ↑ In the German predecessor hymn book (edited by the Conference of the Suddeutsche Mennonitengemeinden e.V. , Ludwigshafen, 2nd ed. 1978) No. 148.
  39. ↑ Tina Breckwoldt: Silent Night. A song with a story . Servus Verlag, Salzburg, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-7104-0186-2 , pp. 134 f .
  40. ↑ a b Tina Breckwoldt: Silent Night. A song with a story . Servus Verlag, Salzburg, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-7104-0186-2 , pp. 135 .
  41. ^ Wallace J. Bronner: The reception of “Silent Night! Holy Night! ”In the United States of America, Mexico and Canada. In: Thomas Hochradner, Gerhard Walterskirchen (ed.): 175 years of “Silent Night! Holy Night!". Symposium report . Publications on the history of music in Salzburg, Volume 5, Selke Verlag, Salzburg 1994, ISBN 3-901353-09-7 , pp. 238–244.
  42. ↑ Tina Breckwoldt: Silent Night. A song with a story . Servus Verlag, Salzburg, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-7104-0186-2 , pp. 157 ff .
  43. ↑ Cf. Otto Holzapfel : Lied index: The older German-language popular song tradition ( online version on the Volksmusikarchiv homepage of the Upper Bavaria district ; in PDF format; ongoing updates) with further information.
  44. ↑ The immortal song in the Internet Movie Database (English)
  45. ↑ difarchiv.deutsches-filminstitut.de accessed on March 24, 2018; and the text linked there (PDF; 205 kB), accessed on March 24, 2018.
  46. ↑ Silent Night. (No longer available online.) In: Bergwelten, Servus TV . Archived from the original on December 28, 2017 ; accessed on December 28, 2017 .
  47. ↑ vaticannews.va