Beach message

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Beach message
Beach melde (Atriplex littoralis)

Beach melde ( Atriplex littoralis )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Atripliceae
Genre : Report ( Atriplex )
Type : Beach message
Scientific name
Littoral atriplex
L.

The beach melde ( Atriplex littoralis ) is a species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It colonizes salt plant corridors on the coasts and salty soils inland and is also native to Germany and Austria.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Strandmelde is an annual herbaceous plant . The prostrate to upright stem is branched with upright to ascending branches and reaches a length of 25 to 100 cm (rarely up to 150 cm). The green branches are initially powdered by blister hairs, later they become bald. The leaves are alternate (the lowest also opposite) on the stem. They have a short petiole and usually reach a length of 25 to 80 mm (up to 120 mm) and a width of 2 to 8 mm (up to 12 mm). Their thin leaf blades, green on both sides, are linear or narrowly lanceolate with a full-edged or dentate leaf margin.

Inflorescence and flower

blooming beach message

The Strand-Melde is single-sexed ( monoecious ) (sometimes almost two-house). The inflorescences consist of up to 20 cm long, denser or interrupted spikes of flower clusters. Male flowers contain four to five bloom cladding sheets ( tepals ) and four to five stamens . Female flowers, which only consist of the ovary , are enveloped by two pre-leaves that are only fused at the base . These are triangular with a length of up to 10 mm and, in contrast to Atriplex intracontinentalis, have an elongated tip. At the edge they are often toothed, more rarely entire. Its surface, which is heavily floured in the lower part, has distinct hump-like appendages. The inside of the bracts is often glossy white.

The flowering period extends from July to September. The pollination is usually done by the wind, but can also be caused by insects or by self-pollination.

fruiting beach melde with bracts of female flowers

Fruit and seeds

At the time of fruiting, the green pre-leaves often turn brown or black. There are two types of seeds ( heterocarpy ): reddish-black, flat seeds with a diameter of about 1.5 mm and red-brown, flat or slightly concave seeds with a diameter of 2 to 2.5 mm. The red-brown coloration of the larger seeds is a distinguishing feature to Atriplex intracontinentalis , whose larger seeds are light brown.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Photosynthetic pathway

The beach-reporting is a C 3 -Pflanze with normal leaf anatomy .

ecology

The plant's 2-cell bladder hairs are used to excrete excess salt by bursting when ripe.

The beach melde is a food plant for the caterpillars of the owl butterfly beach earth owl ( Agrotis ripae ), Euxoa cursoria and the vegetable owl ( Lacanobia oleracea ). The mini-bag carriers Coleophora atriplicis , Coleophora salinella and Coleophora versurella also feed on this species.

The hose fungus Chaetoplea calvescens lives as a saprobiont on the dead stems of the Strand-Melde.

Occurrence

Habitat of the Strand-Melde

The natural range of the Strand-Melde includes Northern Europe , Western Europe , Central Europe and Southern Europe and parts of North Africa (Morocco and Algeria), where the plants colonize the coasts of the Baltic and North Sea , the Atlantic and the Mediterranean . According to Suchorukow (2007), similar inland plants are mostly Atriplex intracontinentalis . As an introduced species, the beach melde also occurs in northeastern North America .

In Germany, the beach notification is at home in Lower Saxony and Bremen , Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It grows in salt plant corridors of the flushing fringes and on sandy and pebble beaches. The plant sociology calls as characteristic species of the association Atriplicetum littoralis. It is a pointer plant for full sun and flooded, salty soils with excessive nitrogen content .

In Austria, the species occurs very rarely in the Pannonian region and only occurs autochthonously in the Burgenland Seewinkel on salty soils in the colline altitude. Find reports that refer to rudimentary locations - such as roadsides contaminated by road salt - in the federal states of Vienna , Upper Austria and East Tyrol are likely to be based on incorrect determinations or confusion. Nevertheless, an occurrence of the species in salty ruderal fields is not unlikely and therefore cannot be ruled out. In Austria, the Strand-Melde is considered to be threatened with extinction. According to Suchorukow, the occurrences in Austria belong to the species Atriplex intracontinentalis, which was newly separated in 2007 .

Systematics

The beach melde ( Atriplex littoralis ) belongs within the genus Atriplex to the section Teutliopsis Dumort.

The first description was made of this kind in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum 2, p 1054th

Synonyms of Atriplex littoralis L. , which are based on the same type , are: Atriplex patula var. Littoralis (L.) A. Gray , Atriplex patula var. Littoralis (L.) Hall & Clements (nom. Superfl.), Chenopodium littorale ( L.) Thunb. and Schizotheca littoralis (L.) Gourr. (nom.illegit.). Atriplex serrata Huds are also regarded as a synonym . , Atriplex marina L. , Atriplex hastata L. subsp. littoralis Pons and Atriplex hastata L. var. littoralis Farwell .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 93 (section description).
  • Alexander P. Suchorukow: On the systematics and chorology of the Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae) occurring in Russia and the neighboring states (within the borders of the former USSR) . In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna , Series B, 108, 2007, p. 348. (PDF file; 32.9 MB) (sections description, number of chromosomes, systematics)
  • Stanley L. Welsh: Atriplex littoralis , p. 332 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. , Oxford University Press, New York a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 . (Sections Description, Occurrence in North America)
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Arndt Kästner, Manfred A. Fischer: Portraits of selected rare Austrian vascular plant species (IV): (31) to (41). In: Association for the exploration of the flora of Austria (Ed.): Neilreichia , Volume 6, 2011, ISSN  1681-5947

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry at BiolFlor
  2. ↑ a b Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias & Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis , In : American Journal of Botany , Volume 97 (10), 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
  3. ↑ a b Beach report. In: FloraWeb.de.
  4. ^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni & Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants
  5. ↑ Entry in EOL Encyclopedia of Life .
  6. ↑ P. Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Littoral atriplex . Entry on PESI portal .
  7. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 356 f .
  8. ↑ Arndt Kästner, Manfred A. Fischer: Portraits of selected rare Austrian vascular plant species (IV): (31) to (41). In: Association for the exploration of the flora of Austria (Ed.): Neilreichia , Volume 6, 2011, ISSN  1681-5947
  9. ↑ Alexander P. Suchorukow: On the systematics and chorology of the Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae) occurring in Russia and the neighboring states (within the borders of the former USSR) . In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna , Series B, 108, 2007, p. 349. (PDF file; 31.37 MB)
  10. ^ First description scanned into the Biodiversity Heritage Library

Web links

Commons : Strand-Melde  - album with pictures, videos and audio files