Hawkish
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Hibiscus ( hibiscus syriacus ) |
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The Straucheibisch ( Hibiscus syriacus ), also Scharonrose , Syrian marshmallow , Garteneibisch or hard flower , belongs to the genus Hibiscus ( Hibiscus ) in the family of mallow (Malvaceae). It comes from China, but is cultivated in most regions with tropical to temperate climates.
description
The hibiscus is a deciduous shrub that can reach heights of 1 to 4 meters. The mostly rhombic-egg-shaped, more or less three-lobed, coarsely notched leaves are 2.5 to 9 cm long and 1.5 to 5 cm wide. The hairy petiole is 0.5 to 3.5 cm long. The stipules are 4 to 6 mm long.
The single flowers in the leaf axils appear very numerous. The flower stalk is 0.5 to 2 cm long. The spread, radial symmetry , hermaphrodite, five-fold flowers have a diameter of about 4 to 8 cm. The seven to nine outer sepals are narrowly lanceolate to linear, 6 to 15 mm long and have star hairs. The five yellowish sepals , 1.2 to 1.7 cm long, are half fused and have star hairs. The five white, pink, purple, violet or blue obovate petals are 4 to 5 cm long and 2 to 3.5 cm wide. As is characteristic of the subfamily Malvoideae, the petals are racemically rotated to the left or right in the bud position and the many stamens have grown together to form a tube enveloping the pistil , the so-called columna . There are also varieties with double flowers.
The capsule fruit has a length of 1.5 to 2 cm and a diameter of 1 cm. The seeds are 2 to 4 mm long, deeply kidney-shaped and in the median plane almost all around with a dense ring of the finest, around 2 mm long "eyelashes". This improves their ability to spread through the wind.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 80 or 80–84.
Taxonomy
The hibiscus was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . Its botanical name goes back to Caspar Bauhin , who named this species in his 1623 work Pinax theatri botanici as Alcea arborescens syriaca .
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Occurrence
The hibiscus is originally found only in China and is indigenous to the following provinces: Anhui , Guangdong , Guangxi , Jiangsu , Sichuan , Taiwan , Yunnan and Zhejiang . There it occurs on coastal cliffs, slopes, river banks and roadsides up to 1200 m above sea level.
The hibiscus is widely cultivated in its natural range as elsewhere in China. He reached the Orient early on via old trade routes.
use
There are numerous varieties that are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.
In Central Europe, hibiscus is cultivated in many forms as an ornamental shrub in gardens, but only gets by in climatically favorable locations without winter protection.
Leaves and flowers are eaten raw or cooked. The underground parts of the plant are also edible. Plant parts are used medicinally in a variety of ways. The plant fibers are used. A shampoo is made from the leaves. The flowers can be used to dye them blue.
Cultural and historical significance
Rose of Sharon
The hibiscus is often mistakenly equated with the biblical rose of Sharon , although it is not originally native to the Levant .
National flower of South Korea
| Korean spelling | |
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| Korean alphabet : | 무궁화 |
| Hanja : | 無窮 花 |
| Revised Romanization : | mugunghwa |
| McCune-Reischauer : | mugunghwa |
The Korean name is Mugunghwa (Hangul: 무궁화, Hanja: 無窮 花 ) and can be translated as "the immortal flower". Earlier spellings in Hanja were 木槿 , 槿 花 or 舜 , whereby the first variant ( 木槿 ) is still used in China today. The right part of 槿 can also be found in a variant in the hanzi of 漢 (hàn), the first character of 漢字 (hànzì), the (traditional) Chinese spelling of the word for "Chinese writing".
It is the national flower of South Korea . Although it was never officially declared a national flower, Koreans have considered the mugunghwa as a national flower since the late 19th century. The Koreans have been breeding the Mugunghwa for over 2000 years. A geography book written in China during the Warring States' era reads:
- "In the land of the nobles there are Sharon roses that bloom in the morning and wither in the evening."
She is even mentioned in the South Korean national anthem :
- We Koreans will always watch over our country with its rivers and beautiful mountains on which the Sharon rose blooms.
The Sharon rose is depicted as the national flower on the state emblem and the one- won coin.
photos
Flower and bud
blossom
Bud just before blooming; The green outer cup and the lighter cup can be seen
Flower with a showy columna
Food supply for many insects
Double-flowered variety
Opened fruit capsule with seeds. These have hair on the edge.
swell
- Sultanul Abedin: Flora of West Pakistan 130. Malvaceae. Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi, 1979, p. 13 ( online ).
- Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Hibiscus. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 291 (English, online ).
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ya Tang, Michael G. Gilbert, Laurence J. Dorr: Hibiscus. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 12: Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-64-1 , pp. 291 (English, online ).
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 657.
- ^ A b Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 695 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Hibiscus syriacus at Plants For A Future
- ↑ National flower of Korea ( memento from June 29, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) (archived version)
- ↑ Korea: National Symbols ( Memento from December 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on the Blue House page (English)
Web links
- Hibiscus syriacus L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 8, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- Wanted poster .
Map with all linked sites: