Systematics of the snakes

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The system of snakes presented here lists all taxa of snakes (Serpentes) down to the level of the genus . The systematics of snakes is still the subject of research and changes frequently according to more recent findings. Here the system is reproduced according to the Reptile Database , which also includes recent genetic studies. The following cladogram shows a possible relationship between superfamilies and families within the snakes:

Phylogenetic systematics of snakes according to Pyron et al. 2013
  snakes  

 American blind snakes (Anomalepididae)


   
  Typhlopoidea  

 Slender blind snakes (Leptotyphlopidae)


   

 Gerrhopilidae


   

 Xenotyphlopidae


   

 Blind snakes (Typhlopidae)





  Alethinophidia  


 Coral Rollsnake (Aniliidae)


   

 Earth boas (Tropidophiidae)



   

 Xenophidiidae


   


 Bolyeriidae (Bolyeriidae)


   

 Boas (Boidae)


   
  Uropeltoidea  


 Burrowing snakes (Anomochilidae)


   

 Roller snakes  (Cylindrophiidae)



   

 Tails (Uropeltidae)



  Pythonoidea  

 Xenopeltidae


   

 Pointed head python (Loxocemidae)


   

 Pythons (Pythonidae)







   


 Wart snakes (Acrochordidae)


   

 Mute snakes (Xenodermatidae)



  Colubroidea  

 Pareidae


   

 Vipers (Viperidae)


   


 Water snakes (Homalopsidae)


   

 Lamprophiidae


   

 Poison Snakes (Elapidae)




   

 Adders (Colubridae)











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As of July 1, 2018, the Reptile Database classifies a total of 3709 individual species into the following taxa .

Superfamily Acrochordoidea

Acrochordus arafurae

Acrochordidae family

Superfamily Boaiformes (Booidea or Henophidia)

Boa constrictor

Boas family (Boidae)

Subfamily Boaschlangen (Boinae)

Subfamily earth pythons (Calabariinae)

Subfamily Candoiinae

Subfamily dwarf boas (Charininae)

Subfamily Erycinae

Subfamily Madagascar boas ( Sanziniinae )

Superfamily adder-like and viper-like (Colubroidea)

Adder family (Colubridae)

Subfamily dwarf snakes (Calamariinae)

Subfamily real snakes (Colubrinae)

Zamenis longissimus

Subfamily Dipsadinae

Imantodes cenchoa

Subfamily Grayiinae

Subfamily water snakes (Natricinae)

Natrix natrix

Subfamily Pseudoxenodontinae

Subfamily Sibynophiinae

Currently not assigned to any subfamily

Snake family (Elapidae)

Dendroaspis angusticeps

Subfamily Elapinae

Terrestrial poisonous snakes of Australasia are usually assigned to the subfamily of the Hydrophiinae.

Subfamily sea ​​snakes (Hydrophiinae)

Terrestrial Hydrophiinae of Australasia:

Subfamily Laticaudinae

Family snakes (Homalopsidae)

Erpeton tentaculatum

Family Lamprophiidae

Subfamily Aparallactinae

Subfamily Erdvipern (Atractaspidinae)

Subfamily Lamprophiinae

Lamprophis lineatus

Subfamily Psammophiinae

Eastern lizard snake ( Malpolon insignitus )

Subfamily Prosymninae

Subfamily Pseudaspidinae

Subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae

Compsophis laphystius

Subfamily Cyclocorinae

Currently not assigned to any subfamily

Family Pareidae

Viper family (Viperidae)

Subfamily Azemiopinae

Subfamily pit vipers (Crotalinae)

Crotalus basiliscus

Subfamily Real Vipers (Viperinae)

Bitis arietans

Mute snakes family (Xenodermatidae)

Superfamily Pythonoidea s. l.

Pointed-head pythons family (Loxocemidae)

Python family (Pythonidae)

Morelia viridis

Family Xenopeltidae

Superfamily blind snakes (Scolecophidia)

American blind snakes family (Anomalepididae)

Family Gerrhopilidae

Slender blind snakes family (Leptotyphlopidae, Glauconiidae)

Leptotyphlops macrolepis

Subfamily Leptotyphlopinae

Subfamily Epictinae

Family blind snakes (Typhlopidae)

Typhlops subcrotillus

Subfamily Afrotyphlopinae

Subfamily Asiatyphlopinae

Subfamily Madatyphlopinae

Subfamily Typhlopinae

Family Xenotyphlopidae

Superfamily Uropeltoidea s. l.

Family Anomochilidae

  • Burrowing snakes ( anomochilus )

Family Cylindrophiidae

Cylindrophis ruffus

Family tails (Uropeltidae)

Currently not part of any superfamily

Family Aniliidae

Family bolyeriidae (Bolyeriidae)

Casarea dussumieri

Erdboas family (Tropidophiidae)

Pine snakes family (Xenophidiidae)

literature

The system presented here is mainly based on the following publications:

  • R. Alexander Pyron, Frank T. Burbrink, Guarino R. Colli, Adrian Nieto Montes de Oca, Laurie J. Vitt, Caitlin A. Kuczynski and John J. Wiens: The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 2010, p. 329–342 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.11.006 .
  • Michael SY Lee, Andrew F. Hugall, Robin Lawson and John D. Scanlon: Phylogeny of snakes (Serpentes): combining morphological and molecular data in likelihood, Bayesian and parsimony analyzes . In: Systematics and Biodiversity . tape 5 , 2007, p. 371-389 , doi : 10.1017 / S1477200007002290 .
  • Nicolas Vidal, Anne-Sophie Delmas, Patrick David, Corinne Cruaud, Arnaud Couloux and S. Blair Hedges: The phylogeny and classification of caenophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear protein-coding genes . In: Comptes Rendus Biologies . tape 330 , 2007, pp. 182-187 , doi : 10.1016 / j.crvi.2006.10.001 .
  • Nicolas Vidal, Anne-Sophie Delmas and S. Blair Hedges: The higher-level relationships of alethinophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear and mitochondrial genes . In: Biology of the Boas and Pythons . 2007, p. 27-33 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uetz, P. et al .: The Reptile Database. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
  2. ↑ a b The Reptile Database: Higher Taxa in Extant Reptiles - Ophidia (Serpentes) - Snakes.
  3. ↑ Robert Alexander Pyron, Frank T. Burbrink & John J. Wiens: A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013, 13:93 doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2148-13-93
  4. ^ The Reptile Database: Species Numbers.

See also

Web links