Tainan

Tainan 臺南市
Aerial view of the city; Swarm of bees fireworks in Yanshui District ; Chihkan Tower ( Fort Provintia ); Local noodle dish (danzai noodles); Statue of Yoichi Hatta , the builder of the Chianan Canal and Wushantou Reservoir; Station of Taiwanese High Speed, keits-dig-bahn in Guiren
emblem flag
State :	Republic of China (Taiwan)
Founded :	1621
Coordinates :	22 ° 59 ′  N , 120 ° 11 ′  E Coordinates: 22 ° 59 ′ 0 ″  N , 120 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  E
Area :	2,191.6531  km²
Residents :	1,881,494 (September 2019)
Population density :	858 inhabitants per km²
Time zone :	UTC + 8 (Chungyuan time)
Telephone code :	(+886) (0) 6
Postal code :	700-745
ISO 3166-2 :	TW-TNN
Community type :	Government immediate city
Structure :	37 districts (區, Qū)
Mayor :	Huang Wei-cher ( DPP )
Website :	www.tainan.gov.tw
City bird:	magpie
City flower:	Flame tree
City tree:	Flame tree

Tainan ( Chinese 臺南市, Pinyin Táinán Shì , W.-G. T'ai-nan-shih , Zhuyin ㄊ ㄞ ˊ ㄋ ㄢ ˊ ㄕ ˋ , Pe̍h-ōe-jī Tâi-lâm-chhī  - "South Taiwan City") is the oldest and sixth largest city in Taiwan with around 1.9 million inhabitants . The city in southwestern Taiwan is one of the country's six sub-government cities .

history

Archaeological excavations in the Zuozhen borough suggest that the region of what is now Tainan has been inhabited for at least 20,000 to 31,000 years. The indigenous Siraya tribe ruled the region in the 16th century. The Sakam people of the Sinkan sub-tribe inhabited the area of ​​today's city. Other Sirayan tribes, including the Soelangh, Mattauw, and Baccloangh, populated the area.

Dutch map of Taiwan from 1640. The lagoon and Fort Zeelandia are clearly visible

Fort Zeelandia based on the Blaeu-Van der Hem atlas (ca.1664)

Approximate course of the coast in the 17th century (today's district boundaries dashed)

Tainan was built as a Dutch colonial city in the 1620s because of its convenient port location. Early Dutch colonists tried to control Macau and the Penghu Islands but could not hold out. In July 1622, the textile merchant Cornelis Reyersz from the Dutch East India Company sailed to Taiwan to find a suitable location to set up a trading post. In 1624 he founded a small fortress called "Orange" on the sandy Tayouan peninsula (today's Anping, which is a district of Tainan). The fort was then expanded and renamed Fort Zeelandia . The settlement was originally designed as a base and base for an attack on Spanish rivals and as a trading post between China and Batavia in Indonesia. During the tenure of Pieter Nuyts (1627-1629) there was hostility between Dutch and Japanese traders, which resulted in Nuyts being taken hostage by a Japanese trader, Hamada Yahee. In 1662 Zheng Chenggong drove out the Dutch garrison and in 1684 Tainan (under the name Taiwan-Fu, "Government of Taiwan") became the capital of Taiwan Prefecture.

At that time there was the Taijiang lagoon (台 江 內海, Táijiāng Nèihǎi  - "Taijiang Inland Sea") in the area of ​​today's Tainan, which was shielded from the open sea by a long spit, and Fort Zeelandia was on one of the lagoon exits. After a storm and flood in 1823, the Zengwen River changed course, causing large amounts of sediment to enter the lagoon, which gradually silted up. The remains of the former 'inland sea' still exist today: the Sicao lagoon in the Annan district, the Qigu lagoon in the district of the same name and the Kunshen lagoon in the southern district.

It was not until the 19th century that Taipei became the capital in the north of the island. During the time of Japanese rule in Taiwan (1895-1945), Tainan was increasingly outstripped in growth by Kaohsiung (1895-1945: Takao ) further south , whose port and industry were systematically expanded. From October 1, 1920, Tainan was the administrative seat of Tainan Prefecture . After the end of Japanese rule and the Republic of China took over the island of Taiwan , the prefecture was transformed into Tainan County on January 7, 1946 . The cities of Tainan and Chiayi were spun off from the district and received the status of independent cities. On October 25, 1950, the northern portions of Tainan County were split off as the new Chiayi and Yunlin counties . The boundaries of the city and county of Tainan remained unchanged until the county was dissolved on December 25, 2010 and incorporated into the city. This was then given the status of a city directly under the government. All previous administrative districts received the status of urban districts.

On February 6, 2016, the city was hit by the Kaohsiung earthquake in 2016 , which damaged buildings and infrastructure and claimed 116 lives.

Today, Tainan is a modern city that is home to the Cheng Kung National University . Despite all the modernity, the past is still alive everywhere: old temples, remains of forts more than 300 years old and buildings from the time of Japanese rule bear witness to both Taiwan's ties to Chinese culture and the island's varied and varied history .

geography

The area of ​​the city is bordered by Chiayi County to the north and Kaohsiung City to the south and east. In the north-west it borders on Formosa Street . The western part belongs to the intensively agricultural Jianan Plain , the largest plain in Taiwan. To the east is a hilly landscape, in the far east there are foothills of the Alishan Mountains . The coastal area is criss-crossed by numerous lagoons and canals. In the coastal area, Tainan is part of the Taijiang National Park .

climate

The annual mean temperature is around 24 ° C and the annual precipitation is 1700 mm. The climate of Tainan is strongly influenced by the southwest monsoon , which brings the most rain in the summer months from May to August. The northeast monsoon, which blows from October to March, on the other hand, loses its rain clouds already on the northwest coast of Taiwan or in the central mountains . As a result, the summers in Tainan are subtropical to tropical, warm and rainy, the winter months are mild and dry. The typhoon season, when tropical storms can occur, runs from July to October.

Tainan
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     17th   23 14th     28   24 15th     39   26th 18th     80   29 21st     174   31 24     372   32 26th     358   33 26th     395   33 26th     178   32 25th     28   31 23     17th   28 20th     14th   24 16 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Taiwan Central Weather Bureau

Climate data from the years 1981–2010 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 22.9 23.8 26.4 29.1 31.3 32.1 32.9 32.5 32 30.7 27.7 24.1 O 28.8 Min. Temperature (° C) 14.1 15.1 17.5 21.2 24.1 25.7 26.4 26th 25.3 23 19.6 15.6 O 21.2 Temperature (° C) 17.6 18.6 21.2 24.5 27.2 28.5 29.2 28.8 28.1 26.1 22.8 19.1 O 24.3 Precipitation ( mm ) 17.3 28.1 38.5 79.5 173.6 371.5 357.7 395.1 178 27.8 16.7 14.4 Σ 1,698.2 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.8 6th 6.1 6.8 6.1 6th 6.3 5.8 5.6 O 6th Rainy days ( d ) 3.7 4.7 5 7.2 9.2 13.1 12.2 15.3 9.5 2.5 2.2 2.8 Σ 87.4 Source: Taiwan Central Weather Bureau

traffic

Train station in Tainan

The main roads in western Taiwan cross Tainan. Tainan has a train station with train connections to the north ( Keelung / Taipei / Taichung ) and south ( Kaohsiung , Pingtung ). The Taiwan High Speed Railroad (THSR) runs outside the city center. The only train station is near the Tainan Technology Park in the southern Guiren district (express trains do not stop).

Highways and express roads connect Tainan with other places in Taiwan. Tainan has a seaport and several smaller fishing ports to the Taiwan Strait .

A military airfield near the city is also used as the Tainan civil airport and served by local airlines such as TransAsia Airways .

Administrative structure

Tainan City and County before 2010

City (before 2010)

District (before 2010)

On December 25, 2010, the surrounding Tainan County was incorporated into the City of Tainan. As a result, the number of inhabitants was more than doubled from almost 800,000 to just under 1.9 million, and the urban area more than tenfold from 175.6 km² to 2,191 km².

The enlarged city of Tainan is divided into 37 districts (區, Qū ). Six districts belong to the "core city" located in the southwest of the urban area and a further 31 districts have emerged from the previously independent cities and municipalities of the Tainan district.

Old "core city" Tainan

map	district
	Annan	安南 區	Annán qū
	Anping	安平 區	Anpíng qū
	Center-West district	中 西區	Zhōngxī qū
	Northern District	北區	Běi qū
	Eastern district	東區	Dong qu
	South district	南 區	Nán-qū

Tainan boroughs
Trash Danei Dongshan Guanmiao Guantian Guiren Houbi Jiali Jiangjun Liujia Liuying Longqi Madou Nanhua Nanxi Qigu Rende Shanhua Shanshang Anping North Central west east south Xiaying Xigang Xinhua Xinshi Xinying Xuejia Yanshui Yongkang Yujing Zuozhen Anding Annan Baihe Chiayi County Kaohsiung

Tainan boroughs since 2010

district	chin.	Hanyu Pinyin	Taiwanese (POJ)	Hakka	Area (km²)	Check- residents	Ew./ km²
Center-west	中 西區	Zhōngxī	Tiong-se	Chûng-sî	6.2600	77,770	12,423
Eastern district	東區	Dōng	Tang	Tûng	13.4156	186,841	13,927
South district	南 區	Nan	Lâm	Nàm	27.2681	125.394	4,598
Northern District	北區	Běi	Pak	Pet	10.4340	132,726	12,721
Anping	安平 區	Ānpíng	An-pêng	An-phìn	11.0663	66,496	6.009
Annan	安南 區	Ānnán	An-lâm	An-nàm	107.2016	192.224	1,793
Yongkang	永 康 區	Yǒngkāng	Eng-khong	Yún-không	40.2753	233.905	5,808
Guiren	歸仁 區	Guīrén	Kui-jîn	Kûi-yìn	55.7913	68,424	1,226
Xinhua	新化 區	Xīnhuà	Sin-hòa	Sîn-fa	62.0579	43,630	703
Zuozhen	左 鎮區	Zuǒzhèn	Chó-tìn	Tsó-tsṳ́n	74.9025	4,876	65
Yujing	玉井 區	Yùjǐng	Gio̍k-chéⁿ	Ngiu̍k-tsiáng	76.3662	14,151	185
Nanxi	楠 西區	Nánxī	Lâm-se	Nàm-sî	109.6316	9,717	89
Nanhua	南 化 區	Nánhuà	Lâm-hòa	Nàm-fa	171.5198	8,787	51
Rende	仁德 區	Réndé	Jîn-tek	Yin-tet	50.7664	75,518	1,488
Guanmiao	關 廟 區	Guānmiào	Koan-biō	Kûan-meu	53.6413	34,433	642
Longqi	龍 崎 區	Lóngqí	Liông-kiā	Liùng-khì	64.0814	4.038	63
Guantian	官田 區	Guantian	Koaⁿ-tiān	Kôn-thièn	70.7953	21,448	303
Madou	麻豆 區	Mádòu	Môa-tāu	Mà-theu	53.9744	44,603	826
Jiali	佳里 區	Jiālǐ	Ka-lí	Kâ-lî	38.9422	59,380	1,525
Xigang	西 港區	Xīgǎng	Sai-káng	Sî-kóng	33.7666	24,758	733
Qigu	七 股 區	Qīgǔ	Chhit-kó͘	Tshit-kú	110.1492	22,974	209
Jiangjun	將軍 區	Jiāngjūn	Chiong-kun	Tsiông-kiûn	41.9796	19,849	473
Xuejia	學 甲 區	Xuéjiǎ	Ha̍k-kah	Ho̍k-kap	53.9919	26,078	483
Trash	北 門 區	Běimén	Pak-mn̂g	Pet-mùn	44.1003	11,188	254
Xinying	新 營 區	Xīnyíng	Sin-iâⁿ	Sîn-yàng	38.5386	77,966	2.023
Houbi	後壁 區	Hòubì	Āu-piah	Hay-piak	72.2189	23,718	328
Baihe	白河 區	Báihé	Pe̍h-hô	Pha̍k-hò	126.4046	28,520	226
Dongshan	東山 區	Dōngshān	Tong-san	Tûng-sân	124.9178	21,049	169
Liujia	六甲 區	Liùjiǎ	La̍k-kah	Liuk-kap	67.5471	22,275	330
Xiaying	下 營 區	Xiàyíng	Ē-iâⁿ	Ha-yàng	33.5291	24,239	723
Liuying	柳營 區	Liǔyíng	Liú-iâⁿ	Liú-yàng	61.2929	21,365	349
Yanshui	鹽水 區	Yánshuǐ	Kiâm-chui	Yàm-súi	52.2455	25,583	490
Shanhua	善化 區	Shànhuà	Siān-hòa	San-fa	55,3097	48,386	875
Danei	大 內 區	Dànèi	Tōa-lāi	Thai nui	70.3125	9,761	139
Shanshang	山上 區	Shānshàng	San-siōng	Sân-song	27.8780	7,314	263
Xinshi	新 市區	Xīnshì	Sin-chhī	Sîn-sṳ	47,8096	36,574	765
Anding	安定 區	Āndìng	An-tēng	Ôn-thin	31.2700	30,564	977
total					2191.6531	1,886,522	861
Source: Tainan City Office (December 2017)

economy

There are a total of six fishing ports (漁港, Yúgǎng ) in the urban area of ​​Tainan : two in Beimen (Heliao (蚵 寮, Héliáo ) and Beimen (北 門, Běimén )) district, two in Jiangjyun (Jiangjyun (將軍, Jiāngjūn ) and Qingshan (青山, Qīngshān )), and one each in the district of Qigu (Xiashan (下山, Xiàshān )) and in the district of Annan (Sihcao (四 草, Sìcǎo )). The port of Anping (安平港, Ānpíng gǎng ) also functions as a fishing port.

Universities and colleges

Tainan is home to several universities and colleges.

• Cheng Kung National University (NCKU)
• South Taiwan University of Science and Technology (STUST)
• Chang Jung Christian University (CJCU)
• Kun Shan University (KSU)
• National University of Tainan (NUTN)
• National Art University of Tainan (TNNUA)
• Technical University of Tainan (TUT)
• Far East University (FEU)
• Kang Ning University (UKN)
• Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science (CHNA)
• Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology (HWAI)
• Nan Jeon University of Science and Technology (NJU)
• Shoufu University Taiwan (TSU)

temple

The Ji-he-tang Temple on Shennong Street

Some of Tainan's more than three hundred temples are some of the best preserved examples of traditional Chinese culture in Taiwan. Important temples include the Confucius Temple on Nanmen Street from 1665, the Kuanti Temple on Yungfu Street, where Qing Dynasty officials held solemn rites in honor of the god of war, and the neighboring Temple of the Great Heavenly Empress, who is said to have the most beautiful temple carvings in all of Taiwan, then the Wufei Temple on Wufei Street, which is dedicated to the five concubines who would rather die with their prince and commit suicide than the new Qing Dynasty, and finally the shrine of Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) on Kaishan Street , a Ming dynasty loyal to drive the Dutch out of Taiwan in 1661 .

The two newer temples at the Deer Ear Gate are the Matsu Temple (built in 1684, with its portrait of the goddess from around the same time) and the Temple of the Holy Mother, an impressive complex of buildings created by the best artists in Taiwan.

Gate at Fort Provintia

Twin cities

Tainan has established official contacts with many cities and other state administrative units at home and abroad. A distinction is made between sister cities and friendship cities. Both are listed below with the dates of the conclusion of the agreement.

Sister cities

• Monterey, California USA (Feb. 8, 1965)
• Gwangju , South Korea (Sep 17, 1968)
• San Jose, California , United States (Apr. 12, 1977)
• Kansas City, Missouri , USA (Apr 10, 1978)
• Columbus, Ohio , USA (Oct. 7, 1980)
• Cavite City , Philippines (Aug 16, 1980)
• Tagaytay , Philippines (16 Aug 1980)
• Trece Martires , Philippines (16 Aug 1980)
• Pasay , Philippines (Sep 10, 1980)
• Kinmen , Republic of China (Apr. 27, 1981)
• Santa Cruz de la Sierra , Bolivia (June 5, 1981)
• Nelson Mandela Bay , South Africa (March 11, 1982 with Port Elizabeth )
• Orlando, Florida , USA (June 24, 1982)
• Gold Coast City , Australia (Oct. 27, 1982)
• Fairbanks , USA (May 16, 1983)
• Laredo, Texas , USA (Oct 12, 1985)
• Oklahoma City , USA (23 Aug 1986)
• Huntsville, Alabama , USA (Aug 25, 1986)
• Carbondale, Illinois , USA (Aug 30, 1991)
• Leuven , Belgium (March 5, 1993)
• Snohomish County , USA (June 30, 1998)
• Raʿanana , Israel (Oct. 26, 1999)
• Zacapa , Guatemala (March 18, 2003)
• Elblag , Poland (April 29, 2004)
• Keçiören , Turkey (July 4th 2005)
• Esbjerg Municipality (formerly Ribe ), Denmark (7 July 2005)

Friendship cities

• Penghu County , Republic of China (July 7, 2004)
• Cagayan de Oro , Philippines (Sep 9, 2005)
• Sendai , Japan, (Jan 20, 2006)
• Nikkō , Japan, (Jan 16, 2009)
• Almere , Netherlands, (June 20, 2009)
• Arizona , USA, (Nov 12, 2013)
• Minakami (Gunma) , Japan, (December 13th 2013)
• Shiga Prefecture , Japan (December 19, 2013)
• Parramatta City , Australia, (June 5th 2014)
• Kaga (Ishikawa) , Japan, (July 7th 2014)
• Styria , Austria (Oct. 5, 2015)
• Chandler (Arizona) , USA, (Oct. 27, 2016)
• Fujinomiya , Japan, (June 24th 2017)
• Aomori Prefecture , Japan (Dec 4th 2017)
• Hirosaki , Japan, (4th Dec 2017)
• Yamagata (Yamagata) , Japan, (Dec 6th 2017)
• Wotje -Atoll (October 2, 2018)

Museums

• Chimei Museum

sons and daughters of the town

• Jen-Hsun Huang (* 1963), entrepreneur
• Enzo (* 1973), Taiwanese author and illustrator of picture books
• Wang Shi-ting (* 1973), tennis player
• Wang Chien-ming (born 1980), baseball player ( Washington Nationals )
• Huang Yi-Hua (* 1984), table tennis player
• Tzuyu (* 1999), Taiwanese pop singer and member of the South Korean girl group Twice

Web links

Commons : Tainan  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Official site of the City (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 蔡玉 仙 (Ed.): Zh: 府城 文史( zh-hans ). Tainan City Government , 2007, ISBN 978-986-00-9434-3 .
2. ↑ Mitsutaka Kato [1940]: zh: 昨日 府城 明星 台南: 發現 日 治 下 的 老 臺南( zh-tw ). 臺南市 文化 資產 保護 協會, 2007, ISBN 978-957-28079-9-6 .
3. ↑ Wetlands. Taijiang National Park website, 2013, accessed May 30, 2019 . 
4. ↑ 歷史 沿革 ("Historical Development"). Website of the city of Tainan, September 19, 2018, accessed April 28, 2019 (Chinese (traditional)). 
5. ↑ Rezoning Taiwan. Focus Taiwan, February 1, 2011, accessed January 27, 2018 . 
6. ↑ Remains of last unaccounted-for quake victim found. Focus Taiwan, February 13, 2016, accessed January 27, 2018 . 
7. ↑ Crazy Quilt Climate. Taiwan Today, September 1, 1967, accessed May 4, 2019 . 
8. ↑ 臺南市 106 年 12 月份 現 住 人口 統計表 (含 各 行政 區域 面積) (“In the 106th year of the Republic of China (2017) Statistics of the population (including administrative areas) in Tainan City”). Tainan City Council, accessed January 27, 2018 (Chinese). 
9. ^ Statistical Yearbook. City of Tainan website, May 9, 2019, accessed May 23, 2019 (English, Chinese (traditional)). 
10. ↑ 姊妹市 暨 友誼 市 (Sister and Friendship Cities). Tainan city website, accessed March 5, 2019 (English, Chinese (traditional)).