Takelot II.

This article describes a pharaoh of the 22nd dynasty and father of Osorkon III, other people of the same name see Takelot .

Name of Takelot II.
Horus name	Ka-Nacht-chai-em-Waset K3-nḫt-ḫˁj-m-W3st Strong bull that appears in Thebes
Throne name	Hedj-cheper-Re-setep-en-Re-sa-Aset-netjer-heqa-Waset Ḥḏ-ḫpr-Rˁ-stp.n-Rˁ-s3-3st-nṯr-ḥq3-W3st With a radiant figure, a Re , son of Isis , Chosen of Re, ruler of Thebes
Proper name	Takelotmeriamun (Takelot meri Amun) Tklt mr.j Jmn Takelot, beloved of Amun

Takelot II was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh (king) of the 22nd Dynasty ( Third Intermediate Period ), who lived from around 842/841 to 816/815 BC. Ruled. He is the father of Osorkon III. and Scheschonq III. As the son of Osorkon II, he came to power as co-regent in his 23rd year of reign shortly after the Sedfest . His area of ​​government later focused on Upper Egypt .

family

Takelot II is married to Karomama Meritmut II , the daughter of the high priest of Amun and Prince Namilt (II) of Herakleopolis ; his parents are unknown.

Domination

supporting documents

After Jürgen von Beckerath , DA Aston, A. Leahy and K. Jansen-Winkeln, Takelot II is the first king of his own Upper Egyptian line within the 22nd dynasty. Takelot II took over sole government after the death of his father in the fifth year of his co-reign. Scheschonq III., Who was appointed king about seven years before Petubastis I according to Nilstand mark 24 , tolerated his rule after Takelot II submitted to the instructions of Lower Egypt .

Takelot II had to be like Scheschonq III. fend off the attacks of Petubastis I in Thebes, but was able to maintain his rule in Upper Egypt. Petubastis I must have come to the throne at about the same time as Takelot II, since the disputes between the two rulers on the Nilstand marks from the fifth to the 23rd year of the reign of Takelot II are mentioned.

Dates of the Amun Re festival

In the 11th year of the reign of Takelot II, his son Osorkon III conquered about four months before the Amun Re festival . the Thebes region. At around the same time Osorkon had assumed the office of high priest of Amun on Aket IV, the 11th year of the reign of Takelot II . Celebrations related to the appointment of a priest of Hori are documented as part of the Amun-Re festival for the 11th Schemu I in Thebes:

"Year 11 under the majesty" Takelot, loved by Amun, son of Isis "(Takelot II.), Day 11 in the 1st month of the Shemu season, on the day of his arrival in victorious Thebes ... of his first prophet Amun, commander in chief and leader, Osorkon, the victorious son of the king (Takelot II), ... on his beautiful festival of the first (lunar) month of Shemu. "

- Inscription in the festival temple Achmenu of Thutmose III.

Due to the Amun Re festival, which basically began on the new moon day and lasted five days, there are several possibilities for dating, as the inscription does not reveal on which day of the Amun Re festival his son Osorkon arrived and when Takelot II. made the priestly ordination of Hori. What is certain is that Takelot II was already celebrating the Amun Re festival when he arrived from Osorkon. It is known from sources from other years that appointments to priests were also made on the third or fourth day of the Amun Re festival.

As a chronological approach, all Amun Re feasts that include the 11th Schemu as a feast day come into question. On the other hand, the evening before the Amun Re festival can also be considered a possibility for an arrival from Osorkon, as the new moon and thus the first lunar day of the month was solemnly welcomed during the night as the prelude to the Amun Re festival. In particular, the reference that Hori was cleansed with salts in the pure lake of Osiris refers to the rites of embalming , which could also be performed on the first day of the Amun Re festival. In this respect, the twelfth hour of the night of the 11th Schemu, which introduced the Amun Re festival in the first hour of the day of the 12th Schemu, is also possible as the official start of the festival .

Rolf Krauss decided in his approach that the 11th Schemu I would be the first day of the Amun Re festival. Based on this hypothesis , only the year 846 BC comes. In question, since otherwise the Amun Re festival began on other days. Jürgen von Beckerath's and Aidan Dodson's proposals, on the other hand, contain the variant that the 11th Schemu does not represent the first day of the Amun Re festival. In addition, Jürgen von Beckerath's remarks from 2003 are also considering other options for starting Takelot's first year in office. In principle, however, those suggestions can be excluded that do not take into account the Amun Re festival and the possible years associated with it.

Possible years for the 11th Schemu I as the day of the Amun Re festival
year	Holidays	Dating ( J )	Dating ( G )	1st year of government
846 BC Chr.	11th to 15th Schemu I	November 28th to December 2nd	November 20th to 24th	856 BC Chr.
843 BC Chr.	8th to 12th Schemu I	November 24th to 28th	November 16-20	853 BC Chr.
835 BC Chr.	12th to 16th Schemu I	November 26th to 30th	November 18-22	845 BC Chr.
832 BC Chr.	9th to 13th Schemu I	November 22nd to 26th	November 14th to 18th	842 BC Chr.
829 BC Chr.	7th to 11th Schemu I	November 19-23	November 11th to 15th	839 BC Chr.
824 BC Chr.	12th to 16th Schemu I	November 23-27	November 15th to 19th	834 BC Chr.
821 BC Chr.	10th to 14th Schemu I	November 20th to 24th	November 12th to 16th	831 BC Chr.

Omen of a lunar eclipse

In the 15th year of the reign, the negative omen of a lunar eclipse for the 25th Schemu IV is symbolically associated with the unrest that has broken out. The appointment of Crown Prince Osorkon as high priest in the 11th year of reign probably initially caused simmering conflicts with the high priest Harsiese II , which finally culminated in a civil war in the year of Omen that spread across Upper and Lower Egypt:

"In the 15th year of the reign, on the 25th of Shemu IV, under the majesty (Takelot II.), The god who ruled Thebes: The sky did not swallow the moon, (nevertheless) the sky raged in the land like [... ]. The children of the rebellion brought unrest to the southern and northern parts of the country. They did not tire of fighting, just as Horus (never tired of) fighting for his father. Years passed in which one prayed to come into (contact) again unhindered with compatriots. "

- Chronicle of Prince Osorkon

Term of office

As his highest year, the "25. Year ", possibly also a" 26. Year ”on a mummy bandage. A donation of land in favor of Osorkon's sister, Karomama, also dates from this time, a short period of peace. This pharaoh is only mentioned on a few other monuments, nothing is known of his own building policy and he has little political presence. According to Kenneth A. Kitchen , he is a "lazy and ambitious king".

His death

The body found in the grave of Osorkon II in Tanis was for a long time believed to be the mummy of Takelot II. Meanwhile, he was, however, than that of I. Takelot identified.

literature

• Jürgen von Beckerath: The relationship between the 22nd dynasty and the 23rd dynasty . In: Nicole Kloth: It will be put down as a document - Festschrift for Hartwig Altenmüller on his 65th birthday - , Buske, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-87548-341-3 , pp. 31–36.
• Norbert Dautzenberg: Comments on Schoschenq II., Takeloth II. And Pedubastis II . (Göttinger Miszellen 144) Göttingen 1995, pp. 21-30
• Karl Jansen-Winkeln : The Chronology of the Third Intermediate Period: Dyns 22-24. In: Erik Hornung, Rolf Krauss, David A. Warburton (eds.): Ancient Egyptian Chronology (= Handbook of Oriental studies. Section One. The Near and Middle East. Volume 83). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5 , pp. 234-264 ( online ).
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , pp. 283-284.

Web links

Commons : Takelot II.  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Aidan Dodson and Jürgen von Beckerath dating approach (before 2003).
2. ^ Rolf Krauss: Sothis and moon dates . P. 167.
3. ^ Rolf Krauss dating approach.
4. ↑ Rolf Krauss: Sothis and moon data: Studies on the astronomical and technical chronology of ancient Egypt , Gerstenberg, Hildesheim 1985, p. 174.

predecessor	Office	successor
Harsiese I.	Pharaoh of Upper Egypt 22nd Dynasty	Auput I.