Tarasp

Tarasp
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Graubünden (GR)
Region :	Engiadina Bassa / Val Müstair
Political community :	Scuol
Postal code :	7553
former BFS no. :	3745
Coordinates :	815 548  /  184736 coordinates: 46 ° 46 '44 "  N , 10 ° 15' 42"  O ; CH1903:  815 548  /  184736
Height :	1403  m above sea level M.
Area :	46.99  km²
Residents:	341 (December 31, 2013)
Population density :	7 inhabitants per km²
Website:	www.tarasp.ch
Tarasp Fontana with Tarasp Castle
map

Tarasp ( [tɐˈraʃp] ^{? / I} ) is a district of the municipality of Scuol in the Lower Engadine in the Swiss canton of Graubünden . The origin of the place name Tarasp is not clear; the conventional interpretation of the Latin Terrae asperae "rough earth" poses problems.

Until December 31, 2014, Tarasp was an independent political municipality . On January 1, 2015 Tarasp was incorporated into the municipality of Scuol with the four municipalities Ardez , Ftan , Guarda and Sent .

Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1954

coat of arms

Blazon : split of gold and blue, floating in gold the Latin red cross ( Passion Cross ), in blue gold-red-gold arched post ( rainbow ).

The municipality of Scuol states: “It is the coat of arms of the von Tarasp family, who lived in the 11th and 12th centuries. The cross is a reminder that members of this family participated in a crusade and pilgrimages to Jerusalem. The rainbow symbolizes the connection between God and man or the glory of God. "

Based on the blue field as the background, a rainbow in colors such as red-gold-blue or red-gold-green would have violated the heraldic color rule . This explains the unusual color combination of gold, red and gold in the rainbow.

geography

Parish before the merger on January 1, 2015

The former municipality on the right side of the Inn consists of eleven factions . Among them are the main town Fontana ( [fɔnˈtaːnɐ] ^{? / I} , 1403 m above sea level) with the Holy Trinity Church and the hotel village Vulpera (1280 m) and Sparsels ( [ʃpɐrˈsɛls] ^{? / I} ) to the most important. The other fractions are Aschera ( [ɐˈʒɛːrɐ] ^{? / I} ), Avrona, Chaposch ( [tɕɐˈpɔʃ] ^{? / I} ), Chants ( [tɕants] ^{? / I} ), Florins ( [flɔˈrins] ^{? / I} ), Nairs, Sgnè ( [sɲeː] ^{? / i} ) and Vallatscha . The districts are grouped around the municipality's landmark, the imposing Tarasp Castle .

The peaks of Piz Pisoc (3173 m), Piz Plavna Dadaint (3166 m), Piz Plavna Dadora (2981 m) and Piz Zuort (3119 m) are located in the former municipal area .

population

After a significant increase in population until the early 19th century, the former community lost massive residents between 1835 and 1900 (1835 403, 1900 278 inhabitants = −31%), despite tourist facilities such as bath houses and hotels. Up to 1930 the population grew slightly - between 1950 and 1960 even strongly (1950–1960: +29%). After the peak of 396 people, which was then reached, there was a second major wave of emigration up to 1990 (1960–1990: −39%).

languages

Despite centuries of Austrian rule, until the beginning of the First World War , the population spoke almost completely Vallader , a Graubünden Romanesque dialect (1880: 92%, 1910: 87%). This proportion then fell to 79 percent in the interwar period (1941). Since then, the proportion of German speakers has grown steadily. Nevertheless, Romansh speakers were still a relative majority in 1970 with 155 people (or 45.32%). German speakers have been in the majority since 1980, but the municipal administration and school continue to use Romansh. The German-speaking majority is mainly explained by the boarding school located in Avrona, which, however, has little social contact with the otherwise Romance community. In 1990 58 percent and in 2000 46.6 percent of the population were able to communicate in Romansh. The following table shows the development over the past decades:

Languages ​​in Tarasp GR
languages	1980 census		1990 census		2000 census
	number	proportion of	number	proportion of	number	proportion of
German	138	47.10%	125	51.87%	172	52.44%
Romansh	129	44.03%	102	42.32%	126	38.41%
Italian	8th	2.73%	8th	3.32%	8th	2.44%
Residents	293	100%	241	100%	328	100%

Religions and denominations

The residents of Tarasp are mainly Catholics , in an otherwise reformed area. This is a consequence of the Habsburg history of the former community.

history

Prehistoric shell stones are proven in the community. The lords of Tarasp, who came from northern Italy, arranged for clearing work and established the first settlements in the 11th century, the castle was built in 1040 for strategic reasons. A copy from 1365 mentions Castro de Taraspes from 1089-1096. Around 1200 swamps were drained and lakes drained. The created Taraspersee was used for fishing and as a fire fighting water reserve. A central village did not arise, however, but the ten hamlet settlements Aschera, Vallatscha, Chaposch, Fontana, Sparsels, Florins, Sgnè, Chants, Vulpera and Avrona were built up. Soon after the noble family died out, the Counts of Tyrol took over the regency. Since 1464 the place belonged to the Habsburgs , which in the following years various noble families with the territory mortgaged . Ecclesiastically, the place belonged to Scuol until the Reformation, the ecclesiastical and economic separation took place in 1559. Eight years later Tarasp received its own parish church in the main town of Fontana. As an Austrian county, Tarasp remained Catholic even after the Reformation. In 1630 there were 242 inhabitants in Tarasp, in 1835 there were 403, after which the number of people decreased again slightly. Since 1850 the population has fluctuated between 278 and 396 people. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, Tarasp fell as the last Austrian enclave to the Helvetic Republic , from which today's Switzerland emerged .

Hotel Waldhaus Vulpera around 1900

Thanks to numerous mineral springs located in the municipality, Tarasp and in particular the Vulpera fraction developed from a farming village into one of the most important health resorts in Switzerland in the second half of the 19th century. In 1845 the first hotel was built in Vulpera, "To the salt water springs". 1860 Tarasp-Schulser founded company in 1865 in the Group Nair, on Scuol municipality directly on the Inn, the "Grand Hotel Kurhaus Tarasp», 1874-1876 on Innufer the pump room, 1896/1897 in Vulpera in 1989 spent " Hotel Waldhaus Vulpera ”And the“ Hotel Schweizerhof ”built between 1898 and 1900. Tourism in Vulpera experienced its heyday until the First World War. In the 1930s, spa tourism experienced a drastic downturn, from which Tarasp only recovered in the 1970s through winter tourism and the emerging non-hotel business.

Today the aging of the population is a problem. The 235-meter-long Inn bridge from Scuol to Vulpera, built between 2007 and 2010, is intended to provide a better road connection and some remedy .

Attractions

See also : List of cultural assets in Scuol

Tarasp Castle

Holy Trinity Church in the Fontana district

• The municipality is dominated by Tarasp Castle, which dates back to the 11th century . It is one of the most imposing castles in Graubünden. Tarasp Castle was acquired by Karl August Lingner , the inventor of Odol , around 1900 and renovated in the style of historicism . He bequeathed it to the Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt . After it had been in the possession of the Hessen-Kassel heirs for a long time , it was acquired by the artist Not Vital in March 2016 .
• In the vicinity of the hamlet of Sgnè there are prehistoric shell stones, the so-called "witch plates".
• Between 1874 and 1876, the Swiss architect Bernhard Simon built a walking and drinking hall on the banks of the Inn opposite the Kurhaus Tarasp. The healing springs Bonifacius , Lucius and Emerita are contained in the octagonal dome .
• The Trinity Church in Fontana is a north-facing Baroque building. It was built by Blasius Ploirer from 1674 to 1678 on the foundation walls of the parish church of St. Antonius from 1567.
• The rectory
• "Villa Engiadina", built in 1901 by Karl Gottlieb Koller
• Residential house, in Fontana
• The wild Clemgia Gorge can be reached from Vulpera and Avrona.

Culture

In the tradition of nicknames for the Engadine villages , the Tarasper are called ils magliamessas (German for “the mess eater ”).

traffic

The in Scuol preferred station Scuol-Tarasp is the eastern end point of the Rhätischen web (RhB) - distance from Bever . From there, Nairs, Vulpera , Chants, Sgnè and Fontana can be reached directly via a post bus line.

Since October 10, 2010, the 236 meter long reinforced concrete bridge Punt d'En Vulpera / Tarasp , which spans the Inn at a height of around 50 meters , has been leading to Tarasp.

tourism

Tarasp-Vulpera hotel landscape around 1905

In summer, Tarasp is also a starting point for hikers and bikers for tours in the Swiss National Park . One of the oldest open- air swimming pools in Switzerland is located in Vulpera (built in 1930 in Art Deco style by the bathing pioneer Beda Hefti ), and a nine-hole golf course above Vulpera .

A trail is groomed in winter . On the outskirts of Fontana there was a bar tow lift in operation from 1964 to 2010 . This was dismantled in 2014. 2011 plans to replace the old lift were discarded in 2013. What remains is a 200 m long practice lift, also at the hamlet of Fontana. The Motta Naluns ski area on the opposite side of the valley can be reached by bus.

Four hotels, two restaurants, two agritourism businesses and around 35 holiday apartments are there for tourism.

economy

In addition to tourism, Tarasp lives from mountain agriculture, handicrafts, handicrafts and a few small shops. 5 farms cultivate 170 hectares; In addition, there are two Alps that are bumped: Alp Laisch and Alp Plavna.

• 

  Fontana part of the village

• 

  Lai da Tarasp

• 

  Fontana and castle

• 

  Sparsels part of the village

• 

  Villa Engiadina

Personalities

• Rut Plouda-Engraver (* 1948), writer
• Gino Clavuot aka Snook (* 1985), Romance-German rapper

literature

• Paul Eugen Grimm: Tarasp. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Ignatz de Luca: The princely Dietrichsteinsche rule Trasp. In: Geographisches Handbuch von dem Oestreichischen Staats. 2. Volume The countries in the Austrian district. Verlag Johannes Paul Krauß, Vienna 1790, pp. 531–533 ( Google eBook, full view )
• Jürg Wirth: Your holiday resort introduces itself: Tarasp-Vulpera. Gammeter, St. Moritz / Scuol 2016.

Web links

Commons : Tarasp  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality of Tarasp

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lexicon of Swiss municipality names . Edited by the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, p. 865.
2. ^ Tarasp: Name and coat of arms scuol.net
3. ↑ Bernhard Peter: Special motifs: Rainbow welt-der-wappen.de
4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Eidgenössische Volkszählung 2000. Volume 12: Jean-Jacques Furer: The current situation of the Romansh (= Statistics of Switzerland. 1: Population ). BFS, Neuchâtel 2005, ISBN 3-303-01202-4 .
5. ↑ Manfred Gross: Romansh. Facts & Figures. 2nd revised and updated edition. Lia Rumantscha, Chur 2004, ISBN 3-03900-034-9 .
6. ↑ ^{a b} Paul Eugen Grimm: Tarasp. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
7. ↑ ^{a b} Bad Tarasp drinking hall
8. ↑ (without naming the author :) Das Bad Tarasp-Schuls-Vulpera. In: Switzerland. Swiss illustrated magazine 16, 1912, pp. 332–334 (with aerial photo of the hotel complex and photo of the drinking hall).
9. ^ Paul Eugen Grimm: Vulpera. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
10. ↑ The ramp for the chaos. nzz.ch, October 9, 2010
11. ↑ Not Vital acquires Tarasp Castle - press release
12. ^ Building culture in Graubünden: Catholic Church hl. Trinity Graubünden culture
13. ^ Rectory
14. ↑ Villa Engiadina
15. ↑ House
16. ^ Article in Southeastern Switzerland of December 14, 2013.
17. ↑ Jürg Wirth: Introducing your holiday resort: Tarasp-Vulpera. Gammeter, St. Moritz / Scuol 2016, pp. 11–22.
18. ↑ Jürg Wirth: Introducing your holiday resort: Tarasp-Vulpera. Gammeter, St. Moritz / Scuol 2016, pp. 10–11.