Trending literature
As a tendency literature or tendency poetry is called seals with propagandistic intent, which show a clear political direction, ideology or morality. The name goes back to the time of Young Germany and Vormärz , when a passionate political or ideological orientation was called a "tendency". The word “tendency literature” was the German equivalent of the French term “littérature engagée”, which was created around the same time and is also used as a foreign word in German. The term "tendency literature" has been used in a disparaging manner since its inception, while in a positive sense one speaks of "(politically) committed literature ".
Representatives of this early politically active literature are e.g. B. the poets Ludwig Börne , Wolfgang Menzel , Karl Gutzkow and Georg Herwegh . As a typical example, Herwegh's poem Calling Out with the famous beginning “Tear the crosses out of the earth! All are to become swords, God in heaven will forgive ”. Also known Heinrich Heine's satirical poem on contemporary "tendency poets".
Since around 1848 there has been a major revaluation of the German tendency literature from breaking the system to maintaining the system: the defensive stance against aristocratic privileges and against the economic and communicative obstacles of small states was declared an apparently non-political commitment to common ground in the context of the establishment of the German Empire . Only after the Second World War was it possible to establish tendency literature against violent official resistance (cf. Zürcher Literaturstreit ). In the Cold War and in the 1968s, dissident, politically active literature had an important position.
literature
- Georg Lukács : tendency or partiality. In: The left turn. 4, 6, 1932, ZDB -ID 518247-5 , pp. 13-21 (reprinted in: Georg Lukács: selection of works. Selected and introduced by Peter Ludz . Volume 1: Writings on the sociology of literature. 6th edition. Luchterhand, Neuwied et al. 1977 , ISBN 3-472-72509-5 , pp. 109–121 ( Sociological Texts 9)).
- Nikolaus Wegmann : Committed literature? On the poetics of plain text. In: Jürgen Fohrmann , Harro Müller (Hrsg.): System theory of literature. Fink, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-7705-3132-9 , pp. 345-365.
Individual evidence
- ↑ "[T] he concept of tendency in the summary form ... [is] a completely unsuitable means of political literary criticism". Walter Benjamin: The author as producer , in: Collected writings . Second volume. Second part, edited by Rolf Tiedemann and Hermann Schweppenhäuser. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / Main 1982, 2nd edition of the single edition 1989, ISBN 3-518-57307-1 , pp. 683–701, p. 684 and on the web ( Memento of October 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive )