Teplá
| Teplá | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Karlovarský kraj | ||||
| District : | Cheb | ||||
| Area : | 11323.1023 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 59 ' N , 12 ° 52' E | ||||
| Height: | 690 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 2,946 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 364 61 | ||||
| License plate : | K (old CH) | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: |
Planá - Toužim Úterý - Sokolov |
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| Railway connection: | Mariánské Lázně – Karlovy Vary | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 24 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Karel Hermann (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Masarykovo náměstí 143 364 61 Teplá |
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| Municipality number: | 555631 | ||||
| Website : | www.tepla.cz | ||||
| Location of Teplá in the Cheb district | |||||
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Teplá (German Tepl city ) is a city in Okres Cheb in the Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in western Bohemia 15 km east of Marienbad in Teplá Highlands ( Tepelská vrchovina ) on the right bank of the river Teplá ( Teplá ). With an area of 11,323 hectares, Teplá is the seventh largest city in the Czech Republic. The Podhora drinking water reservoir and the Betlémský rybník pond with the Betlém car camp are located in the southwest .
Local division
The town of Teplá consists of the districts Babice ( Pobitz ), Beranov ( Bohemian Borau ), Beranovka ( German Borau ), Beroun ( Pern ), Bezvěrov ( Weserau ), Bohuslav ( Paslas ), Číhaná ( Kschiha ), Heřmanov ( Hermannsdorf ), Horní Kramolín ( upper Gram Ling ), Hostec ( Hurschk ) Jankovice ( Enkengrün ) Kladruby ( Kladerlas ) Klášter ( Tepl pin ) Křepkovice ( Schrikowitz ) Mrázov ( Prosau ) Nezdice ( Nesnitz ) Pěkovice ( Pöcken ) Popovice ( Pfaffengrün ) , Poutnov ( Pauten ), Rankovice ( Rankwotz ), Služetín ( Lusading ), Staré Sedlo ( Altsattl ), Teplá ( Tepl city ) and Zahrádka ( Sahrad ), which also form cadastral districts. Basic development units are Babice, Beranov, Beranovka, Beroun, Bezvěrov, Bohuslav, Číhaná, Heřmanov, Horni Kramolín, Hostec, Jankovice, Kladruby, Klášter, Křepkovice, Mrázov, Nezdice, Pěkovice, Popovice, Poutnov, Rankovice, Šafářské Domky ( Schaffer Häusln ) Služetín , Staré Sedlo, Teplá and Zahrádka. The one-layer Pirka also belongs to Teplá .
history
The first written mention of the place Teplá is in a list of the property of the Count Hroznata von Ovenec for the year 1197, in which the village Tepla is referred to as the property of the Teplá Monastery , which by his will came to the newly founded monastery with its land in western Bohemia . With the pledging of the Egerland to Bohemia , the market village lost its strategic importance as a border town and customs station in the Choden region on the border to the Egerland and Nordgau (Bavaria) after 1322 . Between 1380 and 1381 the area was depopulated by a plague epidemic . After taking office in 1384, the abbot of the Tepl Bohus von Otoschitz monastery brought German settlers into the country. In 1385 Bohus made Tepl a submissive city. In 1421 Tepl was partially burned down by army groups of the Hussites under Jan Žižka . In 1427 and 1431 in the further course of the Hussite Wars , an army of the Teutonic Order conquered and looted the city twice. In 1503 a new city fortification system with four gates and towers was built.
In 1537 a city fire caused great damage. In 1549 the majority of the population died again from the plague. In 1611 another great fire broke out in the city. In the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) there were several looting by mercenary troops passing through, in 1618 and 1621 it was the estates army under Ernst von Mansfeld , in 1625 the imperial troops of Wallenstein , and further armies followed until 1632. In September 1647, battles between Imperial Austrian and Swedish troops took place in the area for twelve days, with the latter leaving the battlefield victorious and then looting the city. In 1669 the town hall and eleven surrounding houses burned down. The city fire of 1747 destroyed 91 houses. In 1794 another fire broke out, which killed the school, the rectory, the church and 204 buildings.
When the city was rebuilt, the city fortifications were dismantled and the Theusinger Tor, the last of the city gates, was razed in 1872. In 1898 the railroad from Karlsbad via Tepl to Marienbad started running . Since the 19th century Tepl has developed into a small craft town and was the seat of a political district and judicial district.
After the First World War , the city of Tepl became part of the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . At the 1930 census, the city of Teplá had 2,474 inhabitants, 82 of whom were Czech. Due to the Munich Agreement , the city was added to the German Reich in 1938 and the seat of the district of Tepl , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland .
Towards the end of the Second World War , on May 6, 1945, American troops of the 97th US Infantry Division occupied the city for a short time after parts of the 2nd Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht had surrendered there. The Americans set up a prison camp at the local monastery. The American military government then turned Tepla over to advancing Soviet occupation forces.
Between March and September 1946, the German-speaking residents were expelled . Their property was confiscated on the basis of the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the Catholic churches in Czechoslovakia were expropriated . Most of the displaced persons were accepted in Bavaria .
In rural areas in particular, it was not possible to compensate for the loss of population due to the influx of Volhynient Czechs and new settlers from Hungary, Romania, Poland and Bulgaria, so that the villages were partially deserted. The decline in population with the loss of economic power was also clearly noticeable in the city of Tepla.
In 1949 Teplá lost its status as a district town; the seat of Okres Teplá was moved to Toužim . Teplá received an economic boom from 1950 when the Teplá Monastery became a barracks for the Czech military and Tepla was a garrison town on the border of the so-called Iron Curtain with Bavaria. There were concerts and theater performances as well as dance events for the soldiers; a nationally successful dance and singing ensemble was created. The monastery complex of the Teplá Abbey was badly affected by the military use that lasted until 1978; Parts of the equipment disappeared. With the territorial reform of July 1, 1960, the Okres Toužim was dissolved, and Teplá became part of the Okres Karlovy Vary . In 1975 Beranov, Poutnov, Křepkovice and Staré Sedlo were incorporated. In 1990 the Premonstratensian Order got the monastery back and the city of Tepl benefited from the economic development in the Czech Republic . Since January 1st 2007 the city belongs to the Okres Cheb .
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1785 | k. A. | 255 houses |
| 1830 | 1688 | in 287 houses |
| 1837 | 1734 | in 288 houses |
| 1857 | 2192 | on October 31st |
| 1900 | 2789 | German residents |
| 1921 | 2597 | including 2556 German residents |
| 1930 | 2474 | including 82 Czechs |
| 1939 | 2475 |
| year | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2003 | 2013 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 3318 | 3115 | 2924 | 3101 | 3034 | 3166 |
coat of arms
The city of Tepla has three deer antlers (2 to 1), crowned by a count's crown, as the city's coat of arms black in gold. It is the noble coat of arms of the Counts of Vrtba (noble family) and the city keeps alive the memory of their progenitor, Count Hroznata von Ovenec , the founder of Teplá Abbey .
Culture and sights
- Teplá Premonstratensian Monastery in Klášter, with the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation
- The dean church of St. Egidius was built between 1762 and 1765 by the Tepler master builder Hausmann in place of a previous building. The builder Scherbaum from Elbogen carried out repairs and extensions from 1850 to 1853, during which the tower was also completed. The ceiling frescoes depict the life of St. Egidius and are by Elias Dollhopf . The main altar from 1724 comes from the Chotieschau monastery and was taken over in 1785 after its secularization.
- The deanery was built in 1689 and rebuilt after a fire in 1794.
- There are baroque town houses on the market.
- The Chapel of the Holy Trinity was built between 1692 and 1699 by Christoph Dientzenhofer in place of the old hospital church from 1548 and redesigned in Baroque style in 1722.
- The Chapel of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Sorrows and the Apostle Andrew is on the Spielberg in the southeast of the town near Heřmanov; it was built in 1730 by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer and rebuilt between 1768/69; the furnishings of the chapel were lost.
- The old school, 1574 by the abbot John VI. Meyskönig, is now the seat of the city administration.
- The old town hall was built at the beginning of the 18th century.
- The Trinity column on the market was created in 1721 by the Tepler master builder Braunbrock, the figures come from the Luditz sculptor Wendy.
- Jewish cemetery (Poutnov)
traffic
State roads 198 cross between Planá and Toužim and 210 from Úterý to Sokolov in Teplá . Teplá is on the Marienbad – Karlsbad branch line .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Georg Zeidler (* around 1660, †…), German master stonemason in Tepl
- Hieronymus Waldinger (September 30, 1755; † November 28, 1821 in Vienna), veterinarian and university professor in Vienna
- Hermann Josef Schneider (born April 7, 1862; † February 25, 1921 in Saaz), composer, conductor and music publisher
- Gerhard Auer (born June 29, 1943; † September 21, 2019), German rower, world champion and Olympic champion
Honorary citizen
Gilbert Helmer (1864–1944), from 1900 to 1944 Abbot of the Teplá Monastery
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Obec Teplá: podrobné informace , on uir.cz
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Části obcí , on uir.cz
- ↑ Katastrální území , on uir.cz
- ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky on uir.cz
- ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexicon. Volume 4, Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985, ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 , p. 438.
- ^ Entry on MilitaryHistory.com.
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 9: Pilsner Kreis , Prague and Vienna 1788, pp. 190–191, item 1) .
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 202, paragraph 8 below.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 6: Pilsner Kreis , Prague 1838, p. 285, item 12 .
- ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 41, right column .
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon. 6th edition, Volume 19, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 414 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. Teplá district (Czech Teplá). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Czech population statistics