Tuscany virus

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Tuscany virus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Riboviria
Empire : Orthornavirae
Phylum : Negarnaviricota
Subphylum : Polyploviricotina
Class : Ellioviricetes
Order : Bunyavirales
Family : Phenuiviridae
Genre : Phlebovirus
Type : Tuscany phlebovirus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (-) and (+/-) ssRNA segmented
Baltimore : Group 5
Symmetry : helical
Cover : available
Scientific name
Toscana phlebovirus
Short name
TOSV
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 2734478
ICTV Taxon History: 201907618

With Toscana virus a formerly subtype in the former species sandfly fever virus ( Sandfly fever Naples virus , SFNV) of the virus genus Phlebovirus designated. This subtype was then divided into three different serotypes , named after the place of their first isolation: S for Sicily ( Sicilian type ), T for Tuscany and N for Naples. These serotypes have now been recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as an independent species:

  • Species Sicilian phlebovirus (formerly subtype S)
  • Species Toscana phlebovirus (formerly subtype T, Tuscany virus in the narrower sense)
  • Species Naples phlebovirus (formerly subtype N)

Together, these viruses are the most common causative agents of papataci fever (also called phlebotomus fever). They have their natural reservoir in sheep , goats and bats , from where they can be transmitted to humans as vectors by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus . The first serotype (S) was first isolated in 1960 from the sand fly Phlebotomus pappatasi .

The virus particles enveloped in this species are about 100 nm in diameter and have three segments of single-stranded RNA of different lengths with negative polarity . The RNA segments (S: small , M: middle , L: large ) are each packed in a helical capsid . The segments can of a cell with different viral strains by infection with a reassortment are recombined, which allows only the high mutation frequency of RNA sequence in the M-segment (gene segments for surface proteins) a very high variability of the virus. In addition to sections with negative polarity, there are also some with positive polarity on the S-segment, which is therefore called ambisense (+/-).

Within the genus Phlebovirus , these three species show numerous serological cross-reactions with other virus species. The antigenic properties are determined by the two coat proteins Gn and Gc (formerly known as G1 and G2). In contrast to other species of the genus that are not transmitted by sand flies (such as the Uukuniemi group around the Uukuniemi virus , scientifically Uukuniemi phlebovirus ), the three Tuscany virus species as well as other members of the sand flies group ( English Sandlfy fever serocomplex , former species of sand fly virus ) in the M-segment an additional non-structural protein NSm, which is probably responsible for the reproduction in the insect.

swell

  • CM Fauquet, MA Mayo, et al. : Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses . London, San Diego, 2005 p. 710, ISBN 0-12-249951-4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
  2. ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  3. ^ J. R. Schmidt, M. L. Schmidt and J. G. McWilliams: Isolation of phlebotomus fever virus from Phlebotomus papatasi . American J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1960) 9: pp. 450-454, PMID 14443072

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