Transmission Voie Machine

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TVM block section signal

Transmission Voie-Machine ( TVM ) is a French signaling system that transmits information (e.g. speeds, pantographs raised or lowered) from the track ( French voie ) to the driver's cab of the train.

It is used on most high-speed lines on which the TGV and its sibling trains run. In addition to the LGV in France, these are also HSL 1 in Belgium and HS1 in Great Britain.

In connection with the delivery of high-speed TGV trains to the People's Republic of China , the TVM signaling system was also licensed and incorporated into national standards under the designation CTCS-2 . At the beginning of 2016, the Chinese Railway Company operated more than 14,000 km of high-speed lines with CTCS-2 safety technology.

history

TVM was developed by CSEE Transport (Compagnie des Signaux et d'Entreprises Électriques).

functionality

principle

An ICE 3MF with TVM cab signaling

TVM is based on the system of coded track circuits . At the end of a block section , at the signal station opposite to the direction of travel of the train, a driving alternating voltage is fed into both rails of the block section, which are electrically isolated for the carrier frequencies used. The carrier frequencies of 1700, 2000, 2300 and 2600  Hz , different for each track and block section, are frequency-modulated with 10.3 to 29 Hz. In addition, 10 m long loops in the track are used to transmit point-by-point information such as lowering or raising pantographs, the beginning or end of the high-speed section. Continuous information can be transmitted to the driver's cab via the modulation.

TVM 300

The TVM 300 system can be used up to a maximum speed of 300 km / h. It is z. B. used on the LGV Sud-Est and LGV Atlantique . The TVM-300 uses 18 subfrequencies, one of which is active and continuously signals a term. Of these 18 underfrequencies, only 14 are currently used.

TVM 430

The TVM-430 uses 27 subfrequencies that can be combined in any combination. The TVM-430 creates a 27-bit word (on / off for each frequency), the speed (300, 270, 230, 170, 80 and 0), the length of the block section (maximum 1500 m) and the gradient are transmitted of the block (averaged over its length), a network code (different in the channel tunnel than in the French network) and a 6-bit CRC for error checking. The TVM 430 system is a further development of the TVM 300 system. It enables trains with speeds of over 300 km / h to be monitored. It is used on the LGV Nord , Rhône-Alpes , Méditerranée , Est européenne and LGV Rhin-Rhône as well as the HSL 1 . In addition to the TGV and Eurostar that operate there, the Thalys high-speed trains and the new ICE 3 (407 series) are also equipped with the TVM 430 system. The ICE 3MF multiple units were converted to ETCS with the availability of the 407 series in 2016 , with the equipment for TVM being removed.

Since the Belgian TBL2 system was not considered fully developed before the opening of the Franco-Belgian high-speed line HSL 1, which went into operation in 1997 , the line was also equipped with TVM 430 in the Belgian section.

Web links

Commons : Transmission Voie-Machine  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Zhao Yang: Application and Development of CTCS. (PDF; 1.2 MB, English) In: 12th UIC ERTMS WORLD CONFERENCE, BRUSSELS 2016. China Railway Corporation, February 29, 2016, accessed on February 21, 2017 (English).
  2. ^ To Van den Abeele, Johan Verschaeve: Train control and train protection in Belgium - today and tomorrow . In: signal + wire . tape 99 , no. 11 , 2007, ISSN  0037-4997 , p. 14-18 .