Turkestan-Siberian Railway

Turkestan-Siberian Railway
The Turksib in Otar station
Route length:	more than 2351 km km
Gauge :	1520 mm ( Russian gauge )
Legend Transsib from Krasnoyarsk 0 Новосибирск / Novosibirsk Trans-Siberian to Moscow 6th Новосибирск-Юж. 12 Иня / Inja Transsib to Abakan Novosibirsk bypass of the Trans-Siberian Transsib from Abakan 14th Сибирская / Sibirskaja Матвеевка / Matvejewka 20th Юность / Junost Ниж. Ельцовка / Jelzowka 25th Сеятел / Sejatel Обское Море / Obskoje More Береговая / Beregovaya 35 Речкуновка / Rechkunowka 38 Бедск / Bedsk Обской Залнв / Obskoj Saliw 57 Искитим / Iskitim Мраморная / Mramornaja Ложои / Loschoi Евсино / Jewsino Линево / Linewo 90 Дорогино / Dorogino Посевная / Posevnaja 109 Черепаново / Tscherepanowo Искра / Iskra Безменово / Besmenowo Огоньки / Ogonki Перуново / Perunowo Кп. Боец / Bojez Усть-Тальменская / Ust-Talmenskaya Луговское / Lugowskoje Central Siberian Railway from Karasuk 169 Среднесибирская / Srednesibirskaja Озерки / Oserki 189 Цаплино / Zaplino to Ukladochnyj (South Siberian Railway) Повалиха / Powalicha Белоярский / Belojarskij Südsibirische railway from Abakan 213 Аптайская / Aptajskaja from Biysk 228 Барнаул / Barnaul South Siberian Railway to Nur-Sultan Ползуново / Polsunowo Лебажье / Lebaschje Ядринцево / Jadrinzewo Зимари / Simari 270 Калманка / Kalmanka Алтай / Altaj Шиловский / Schilowskij 300 О. п. 300 km 307 Topchicha / Topchicha 314 О. п. 314 км Победим / Pobedim 335 О. п. 335 km 342 О. п. 342 km 352 Алейска / Alejska Советская Сибис / Sowjetskaja Sibis Язевка-Сибирская / Jasewka-Sibirskaja Нецунаево / Nezunajewo 400 Шилуново / Schilunowo Курейка / Kurejka Хлопуново / Chlopunowo 439 Поспелиха / Pospelicha За Урожай / Sa Uroschaj Озимая / Osimaja 469 Мамютово / Mamjutowo Зарница / Sarnitsa О. п. 498 km Тракторный / Traktornyj 496 Рубцовск / Rubtsovsk Алтайсельмаш / Altajselmasch Колос / Kolos О. п. 527 км from Karasuk 522 Локоть / Lokot to Syryanovsk State border between Russia and Kazakhstan Аул / Aul Бельагаш / Belagasch Семей / Semei Irtysh from Sputnik (South Siberian Railway) 641 Жана-Семей / Schana-Semej Шолтыхак / Scholtychak Дельбегетей / Delbegetej Суыкдулак / Suykdulak to Novoustkamenogorsk 749 Шар / crowd Суырлы / Suyrly Жалгызтобе / Schalgystobe Балакты-Коль / Blakty-Kol Жарма / sharma Ушбиик / Uschbiik Айгыржал / Ajgyrshal 968 Аякоз / Ajagös Кошкентал / Koschkental Темекили / Temekili Тансык / Tansyk 1101 Актогай / Aqtogai to Mojynty to Dostyk and China Каракум / Karakum Акбалык / Akbalyk Арганаты / Arganaty Лепси / Lepsi 1247 Матай / Mataj Егинсу / Jeginsu Молалы / Molaly Уштоба / Üschtöbe after Tekeli 1384 Коксу / Köksu Биже / Bische Аина-Булак / Aina-Bulak 1466 Сарыозек / Saryösek Малай-Сары / Malaj-Sary Коскудук / Koskuduk Калшагай / Qapshaghai Жетыген / Schetigen 1658 Алматы 1 / Almaty-1 1667 Алматы 2 / Almaty-2 (City Railway Station ) Чемолган / Chemolgan Казыбек-Бек / Kasybek-Bek Копа / Kopa 1814 Отар / Otar Курдаы / Kurday Бел / Bel Чокпар / Tschokpar Эспе / aspen from Nur-Sultan 1961 Берлик 1 / Berlik 1 (Brlik) Шу / Schu Аспара / Aspara Таты / Taty Курагаты / Kuragaty from Bishkek ( Kyrgyzstan ) 2084 Луговая / Lugovoi Малдыбай / Maldyban Ак-Чулак / Ak-Tschulak to Shanghai 2201 Taras formerly: Жамбыл / Schambyl Маймак / Majmak Буное / Bauyrschan Momyshuly Чокпак / Tschokpak Тюлькубас / Tülkibas Састобе / Sastobe from Lenger 2419 Шымкент / Schymkent Бадам / Badam South Siberian Railway from Tashkent 2498 Арыс 1 / Arys 1 South Siberian Railway to Orenburg

The Turkestan-Siberian Railway , in short: Turksib ( Russian Туркестано-Сибирская железная дорога , Турксиб ) is a double-track , partially electrified , 2351 km long railway line in the Russian broad gauge of 1520 mm. It runs from Novosibirsk ( Russia ) via Semei and Almaty to Arys in Kazakhstan. The kilometer counts from Novosibirsk.

The line was completed in 1931 and connected the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Turkestan (now Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan ) with the Trans-Siberian Railway .

map

Turkestan-Siberian Railway (section south of Barnaul )

prehistory

Even before and during World War I , railway lines were built from both directions, which were later included as sections of the Turksib. This was the 650 km long Altai Railway ( Алтайская железная дорога / Altaiskaja schelesnaja doroga) from Novonikolajewsk (today: Novosibirsk) via Barnaul to Semipalatinsk (today Semei) from the east . From the west, Arys drove a route in the direction of Aulije-Ata (later Dschambul, now Taras ) and Werny (now Almaty). Arys is located on the Trans-Aral Railway from Orenburg to Tashkent, which was completed in 1906 (then: Tashkenter Railway / Ташкентская железная дорога ). At that time, Verny was the administrative center of the Siebenstromland Oblast (Semiretschje). Until the by the events of 1917 ( the February and October Revolution triggered) preliminary construction freeze some 200 km were up to the station Burnoje , 70 km before Aulije-Ata completed. After the end of the Russian Civil War , work resumed. The line was completed in stages in 1921 to Aulije-Ata and in 1924 via Lugowoi to Pischpek (later Frunze and today's Bishkek , the capital of Kyrgyzstan ). It was about 550 km long.

Major Soviet project

Entrance building of the starting point of the route: Novosibirsk

The route in the southern steppe of Kazakhstan

Otar station

From 1927 the connection of the two parts of the route through the steppes and semi-deserts of Southeast Kazakhstan became a major construction project of the Soviet Union's first five-year plan, which was carried out with considerable propaganda effort . While the building was still being built, a documentary film about the building was published in 1929, directed by Wiktor Turin . It is considered an important Russian document of the late silent film . The 1,452 km long route between Semipalatinsk (Semei) and Lugowaja was opened in 1931. With that the Turksib was completed. During this time the terms "Turkestan-Siberian Railway" and "Turksib" were coined. The term “Turksib” was expanded to include the two existing lines involved, so that it referred to the entire line Novosibirsk – Arys.

The Turksib created a connection between the developing economic areas of Siberia (e.g. Kuzbass ) and all of Soviet Central Asia, as from Arys via the Trans-Aral Railway also the Ferghana Valley , Dushanbe and via the Trans- Caspian Railway, which was built in the 1880s (Закаспийская железная дорога) Samarkand , Bukhara , Ashgabat and Krasnovodsk (today Türkmenbaşy ) on the Caspian Sea could be reached.

Independent railway administration

With the opening of the Turksib, an independent railway administration, the Turkestan-Siberian Railway , based in Alma-Ata (Almaty) was founded on January 2, 1931 , but only operated the Semipalatinsk – Arys section (1861 km) and its connecting lines. These include:

• Lugowaja – Pischpek (from 1926 Frunze) and in stages (until 1950) extension to Rybatschje (today Balyktschy ) on the Issyk Kul : 322 km
• Alma-Ata (Almaty), branch line to the city center (1931): 10 km
• Tschimkent (today Schymkent ) - Lenger (1934): 29 km
• Koksu – Taldy-Kurgan ( Taldyqorghan ) or Tekeli (1941): 95 km
• Jambul (Taras) - Qaratau (1946): 90 km

In 1953 the station Chu (now Shu , 300 km west of Alma-Ata) the direct connection of Turksib on the Karaganda Railway ( Карагандинская железная дорога / Karagandinskaja schelesnaja doroga) to Karaganda (then Karaganda) and the nordkasachische route network. On June 13, 1958, the Turkestan-Siberian and Karaganda railways were combined to form the Kazakh Railroad ( Казахская железная дорога / Kazachskaja schelesnaja doroga) with its administrative headquarters in Alma-Ata.

The eastern section Novosibirsk – Semipalatinsk, which largely ran on the territory of the RSFSR , always remained with the “Siberian” railway administrations, initially with the Tomsk Railway ( Томская железная дорога / Tomskaja schelesnaja doroga), from which the Altai Railway was taken over from 1934 onwards from 1934 onwards East Siberian Railway ( Восточно-Сибирская железная дорога / Vostochno-Sibirskaja seleznaja doroga) and finally since 1961 with the West Siberian Railway ( Запападирская железная дорога / Vostochno-Sibirskaja seleznaja doroga) and finally since 1961 with the West Siberian Railway ( Запападирская железная дорога ) Further reorganizations followed in the 1970s and 1980s.

Todays situation

After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the West Siberian Railway still manages the section on Russian territory up to the Kazakh border near Lokot . The main line from there to Arys, as well as most of the branching lines, have belonged to the Qasaqstan Temir Scholy (Қазақстан Темір Жолы / Kazakh State Railways ) (KTS) since 1991 . The route is one of the most important transport links in the south of the country.

The electrification of the line, which began in 1989 from the west, reached Almaty in 2001. Since 2003 Talgo Express trains have been running on the Almaty – Shu section to the capital Nur-Sultan , the fastest trains on the Kazakh railways.

The eastern section of the single-track, non-electrified branch line Lugowaja - Bishkek - Balyktschy is today the only longer line of the Kyrgys Temir Dscholu ( Kyrgyz Кыргыз Темир Жолу / Kyrgyz State Railway) and the only line in Kyrgyzstan with passenger traffic.

literature

• Н.П.Лагутина, Т.Ю. Набокова, Т.П. Филатова: Атлас Железные Дороги . Omsk 2010, pp. 54, 55, 57, 85, 87.

Web links

• Private website about the Turksib (English, Russian)
• Article Turkestan-Siberian Railway in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D112949~2a%3D~2b%3DTurkestan-Sibirische%20Eisenbahn
• The film Turksib (1929), b / w, in the Internet Movie Database (English)
• The film Turksib (1986), Color, in the Internet Movie Database (English)
• Information about the Arte documentation Turksib - The Silk Road on Rails (2004)

Remarks

1. ↑ The kilometers according to Н.П.Лагутина, Т.Ю. Набокова, Т.П. Филатова: Атлас Железные Дороги . There only the distances between selected train stations are given, which have been added up here.
2. ↑ The spelling of the station names is largely based on the Russian-language source: Н.П.Лагутина, Т.Ю. Набокова, Т.П. Филатова: Атлас Железные Дороги . As far as the Kazakh names were known, these were used.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Н.П.Лагутина u. a .: Атлас Железные Дороги .