Tymbal organ

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With the tymbal organ (drum organ), many species of cicadas and some butterflies (e.g. bear moth , owl butterfly ) produce species- specific chants. It sits on the 1st and / or 2nd abdominal segment .

The tymbal organ of the cicadas consists of a pair of tightly stretched cuticular plates at the base of the abdomen, which are often reinforced by ribs. A strong muscle attaches to an inward protrusion (apodeme), which arches the membrane-like plates when they contract. The muscle attachment points sit close together at the base of the abdomen, resulting in a V-shaped structure. Under the membrane, in the first abdominal segment, there is a pair of air-filled sacs (enlarged trachea) that amplify the sound as a soundboard. Ventral to the tymbals there is a thinner membrane on each side that serves as the hearing organ. Occasionally the cuticular plates have a cover (operculum) for protection.

literature

  • MF Claridge (1985): Acoustic Signals in the Homoptera: Behavior, Taxonomy, and Evolution. Annual Review of Entomology vol. 30: 297-317 doi : 10.1146 / annurev.en.30.010185.001501
  • Toshihide Ichikawa (1976): Mutual Communication by Substrate Vibrations in the Mating Behavior of Planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 11 (1): 8-21.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hyward G. Spangler (1988): Moth hearing, defense and communication. Annual Review of Entomology Vol. 33: 59-81. doi : 10.1146 / annurev.en.33.010188.000423
  2. ^ AD Blest, TS Collett, JD Pye (1963): The Generation of Ultrasonic Signals by a New World Arctiid Moth. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B vol. 158 no.971: 196-207. doi : 10.1098 / rspb.1963.0042
  3. ↑ N. Skals & A. Surlykke Sound production by abdominal tymbal organs in two moth species: the green silver-line and the scarce silver-line (Noctuoidea: Nolidae: Chloephorinae). Journal of Experimental Biology 202: 2937-2949. open access

See also