United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali

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MINUSMA
operation area Mali
German name Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission of the United Nations in Mali
English name United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali
French name Mission multidimensional intégrée des Nations Unies pour la stabilization au Mali
Based on UN resolution 2100 (April 25, 2013)
Other UN resolutions 2164 (2014)

2227 (2015)
2295 (2016)
2364 (2017)
2423 (2018)
2480 (2019)

Type of mission Peace mission
Beginning July 2013
The End ongoing
management Mahamat Saleh Annadif ChadChadChad 
Operating strength (max.) 13,289 soldiers, 1,920 police officers
Military out BangladeshBangladesh BeninBenin Burkina FasoBurkina Faso China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Ivory CoastIvory Coast DenmarkDenmark GermanyGermany AustriaAustria Dominican RepublicDominican Republic EstoniaEstonia FinlandFinland CambodiaCambodia FranceFrance GambiaGambia GhanaGhana Guinea-aGuinea Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau ItalyItaly YemenYemen JordanJordan KenyaKenya LibyaLibya MauritaniaMauritania NepalNepal NetherlandsNetherlands NigeriaNigeria NigerNiger NorwayNorway RwandaRwanda SwedenSweden SwitzerlandSwitzerland SenegalSenegal Sierra LeoneSierra Leone ChadChad TogoTogo SerbiaSerbia
Police off EgyptEgypt BangladeshBangladesh BeninBenin Burkina FasoBurkina Faso BurundiBurundi Congo Democratic RepublicDemocratic Republic of Congo Ivory CoastIvory Coast CameroonCameroon GermanyGermany FranceFrance Guinea-aGuinea NigeriaNigeria NigerNiger RwandaRwanda SwitzerlandSwitzerland SenegalSenegal ChadChad TogoTogo TunisiaTunisia TurkeyTurkey United StatesUnited States United KingdomUnited Kingdom
Deaths 219 (as of August 2020)
costs $ 933.41 million (June 2016 - July 2017)
Location of the operational area Mali in its region.svg
Map overview
MINUSMA.pdf

The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (French: Mission multidimensionnelle intégrée des Nations Unies pour la stabilization au Mali; MINUSMA ) is a United Nations peacekeeping mission , in which the African-led stabilization mission AFISMA was absorbed on July 1, 2013 . 116 blue helmet soldiers died in Mali between 2013 and 2017 , making the mission the United Nations' most casualty since the Korean War . The mission is currently limited to May 31, 2021.

history

prehistory

In 2012, the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda (AQIM), strengthened by fighters and weapons from the civil war in Libya in 2011 , used a Tuareg uprising to establish itself in northern Mali. The fighters were initially driven from the villages they occupied by French troops in the Serval Opération and went into hiding.

UN mission

Dutch soldier of MINUSMA in September 2013

The UN mission was established by UN Security Council Resolution 2100 of April 25, 2013. The aim is to stabilize the state of Mali following the Opération Serval. The mandate included 11,000 soldiers. It was initially limited to one year until July 1, 2014 and was extended for a further year in June in each of the following years, most recently from 2019 to June 2020.

On March 31, 2014, the MINUSMA contingent consisted of 6,483 soldiers and 986 police officers. One year later (March 31, 2015) the MINUSMA contingent had 9,142 soldiers and 1,178 police officers. By November 2015, 56 MINUSMA members died in this operation.

Since 2016, Norway , Sweden , Denmark , Portugal and Belgium have been providing MINUSMA with a Lockheed-Martin C-130 Hercules / Super Hercules or CASA C-295 transport machine on a rotating basis. This agreement is designed for several years.

In addition to MINUSMA, there are currently two European Union missions in Mali , namely EUCAP Sahel Mali and EUTM Mali as well as MISAHEL of the African Union .

Deaths and injuries

Soldiers and members of the mission are exposed to constant threats from terrorist groups, or they can fall victim to inter-ethnic conflicts or crime. The following list does not claim to be complete.

2013

  • On October 23, 2013, two Chadian blue helmets were killed in a complex attack and six others were wounded. Three of the wounded later died from their injuries. The UN checkpoint at the Tessalit district prefecture was first blown up with a suicide bomber in a vehicle. Immediately afterwards, three more suicide bombers attacked the blue helmets on foot with explosive vests containing 60 mm Chinese mortar shells . Three civilians, including a child, were also injured. French soldiers came to support the blue helmets.
  • On the night of December 13-14, 2013, two Senegalese UN soldiers were killed in a suicide attack with a vehicle on a bench in Kidal . Seven others were wounded, one seriously. Several Malian soldiers were also wounded.

2014

  • On January 20, 2014, six Chadian blue helmets were killed after their vehicle hit a mine near Kidal.
  • On March 16, 2014, another blue helmet from Chad near Tessalit was seriously wounded in a mine explosion.
  • On April 25, 2014, a Guinean peacekeeper was seriously wounded in a mine explosion near Kidal.
  • On May 13, 2014, three Senegalese blue helmets were seriously wounded near Kidal.
  • On June 2, 2014, three Malian MINUSMA employees were seriously injured in a mine explosion near Aguelhok.

2015

General Lollesgaard (Denmark), Force Commander 2015 to 2017

2016

  • On July 4, 2016 there was a shooting accident in Kidal during a practice shooting with a mortar, in which two Dutch blue helmet soldiers were killed and a third was seriously injured.

2017

  • On January 18, 2017, a truck prepared with explosives broke through the gate of a barracks with Malian troops in Gao , who were under the protection of United Nations peacekeepers. 76 Malian soldiers and fighters were killed in the bomb explosion, the blue helmet soldiers suffered no losses.
  • On June 8, 2017, three blue helmet soldiers from Guinea were killed and three others wounded in a mortar or rocket attack on a camp by MINUSMA troops, followed by fire from troops outside the camp in Kigal near Aguelhok. A fourth wounded soldier later died from his injuries.
  • On August 14, 2017 , a Togolese blue helmet soldier, a soldier of the Malian armed forces , a member of the Malian gendarmerie and six Malian civilian employees of the MINUSMA were killed in an attack on two MINUSMA field camps in Douentza ( Mopti region ), and a subsequent firefight . On the same day, another MINUSMA camp in Timbuktu was attacked, and nobody was harmed.
  • On September 20, 2017, a blue helmet soldier was wounded in a simultaneous, coordinated attack with mortars or rockets on the MINUSMA camp in Kidal and two outposts of the camp.
  • On September 24, 2017, an attack using a mine or improvised exploding device on a MINUSMA vehicle killed three Bangladeshi UN blue helmets and seriously wounded 5 other blue helmets. The attack took place on the connecting road from Anefis ( Kidal region ) to Gao.
  • On October 26, 2017, three Chadian blue helmets were killed and two others seriously wounded in an attack on a UN convoy carried out with a mine . The attack occurred on the road from Tessalit to Aguelhok (both in the Kidal region). On November 21, 2017, one of the Chadian soldiers seriously wounded in this attack died of his injuries in a military hospital in Dakar (Senegal).
  • On November 24, 2017 in an attack on a joint patrol of MINUSMA and Malian forces in Idelimane in were county Menaka (Gao Region) three Nigerien peacekeepers killed and seventeen others, including one Cambodian soldier, some badly wounded. A civilian UN worker was also wounded. A soldier in the Malian armed forces was also killed in this attack and another was wounded. The German MINUSMA contingent stationed about 150 kilometers away in Gao supported the attacked UN soldiers with the Heron reconnaissance drone , Tiger attack helicopters and NH90 support helicopters to evacuate the wounded. The NH90-MEDEVAC helicopters flew several wounded to Gao and Kidal. In a second, complex attack with improvised exploding devices and subsequent RPG bombardment north of Douentza ( Mopti region ), a blue helmet from Burkina Faso was killed and three others seriously wounded.
  • On November 28, 2017, the MINUSMA field camps in Kidal, Tessalit and Aguelhok were shelled with mortars or RPGs. There were no failures on the part of MINUSMA, the spokesman announced on Twitter.

2018

General Gyllensporre (Sweden), Force Commander since 2018
  • On the morning of January 20, 2018, a patrol of the Senegalese Force de Réaction Rapide of MINUSMA in the area of ​​Boni (Mopti region) was blown up with an improvised exploding device and then shot at. The patrol returned fire, there were no failures on the MINUSMA side.
  • In an attack on a MINUSMA vehicle using an improvised exploding device on the afternoon of February 28, 2018, four Bangladeshi blue helmets were killed and four others seriously wounded. The attack occurred on the route from Boni to Douentza (both in the Mopti region). The previous day, six Malian soldiers were killed in a similar attack on Malian army vehicles in Dioura ( Ségou region ). On March 25, 2018, another of the injured soldiers died from his injuries sustained in this attack.
  • On March 13, 2018, the urban area of ​​Gao was shelled with two rockets, one of which did not take effect and was defused by the MINUSMA ordnance disposal team. There were no victims.
  • On the morning of March 22, 2018, several French soldiers were injured, some seriously , in a mortar attack on the joint camp of MINUSMA troops and units of the French Operation Barkhane in Kidal in northern Mali. They were transported by MEDEVAC helicopters to two French treatment facilities in Gao and Tessalit . Blue helmet soldiers were not injured. At this time, the Special Representative of the Secretary-general (SRSG) and Head of MINUSMA Mahamat Saleh Annadif as well as the Malian Prime Minister M. Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga were also at a conference in Kidal with several other members of the government.
  • On April 5, 2018, two Chadian blue helmets were killed in a mortar attack on the UN field camp in Aguelhok (Kidal region) and ten others were injured, some seriously.
  • On the evening of April 6, 2018, a MINUSMA vehicle was shot at in Gao, a Nigerien blue helmet was so badly wounded that he succumbed to this wound when he arrived at the hospital.

2019

  • In an attack by alleged Islamist fighters on a MINUSMA military base near Adjelhoc on January 20, 2019, at least 10 Chadian blue helmet soldiers were killed and 25 others wounded. The Bundeswehr contingent in Gao coordinated the distribution of the wounded to a French and a Chinese deployment hospital in Gao . German paramedics also support the transport of several wounded.
  • On the morning of January 25, 2019, a vehicle from a MINUSMA convoy hit a land mine near Douentza ( Mopti region ). Two Sri Lankan blue helmets were killed and several others were wounded, one of them seriously.
  • In an armed attack on a MINUSMA vehicle near Siby, 44 kilometers southwest of Bamako, three Guinean blue helmets were killed on the evening of February 22, 2019, and another blue helmet and a civilian employee were wounded.
  • On the morning of April 20, 2019 , a UN patrol with an IED was blown up on the road between Douentza and Boni (both in the Mopti region ), near the border with Burkina Faso . An Egyptian blue helmet was killed and four others wounded. In a subsequent exchange of fire, one of the attackers was killed and eight others were arrested. On May 2, 2019, another Egyptian blue helmet soldier who was wounded in this attack died from his injuries.
  • On April 24, 2019, a civilian minibus hit an IED near Hombori ( Mopti region ). 14 people were injured, some seriously. MINUSMA forces secured the attack site, took care of the injured and then brought them to the Fama camp in Hombori. From there they took MEDEVAC helicopters from the Canadian MINUSMA contingent to Gao.
  • Three Chadian blue helmet soldiers were wounded in an IED attack on May 18, 2019 near Tessalit.
  • In another IED attack on May 18, 2019, a Nigerian blue helmet soldier fell near Timbuktu, and several other blue helmet soldiers were injured, some seriously.
  • In an IED attack on a MINUSMA patrol on October 6, 2019 near Adjelhoc , one blue helmet was killed and four others wounded.
  • Also on October 6, 2019, a temporary UN base near Bandiagara (Mopti region) was shelled. A blue helmet from Togo was seriously wounded. He died from his wounds on October 28, 2019.

2020

  • On January 1, 2020, a Dingo 2 of a MINUSMA patrol was blown up with an IED at Gao. Two Belgian blue helmets were slightly wounded. They were taken to the French ROLE-2 hospital in Gao for further treatment, and later to the German medical facility also in Gao.
  • In another attack on a MINUSMA patrol on January 24, 2020, three Belgian blue helmets were wounded, one of them seriously. Your vehicle, a DINGO 2 , was blown up with an IED near Gao and completely destroyed in the process.
  • In an IED attack near Adjelhoc on May 10, 2020, three Chadian blue helmets fell and four others were seriously wounded.

tasks

  • Securing the armistice
  • Support in the implementation of the peace agreement
  • Protection of the civilian population
  • Stabilization of important population centers
  • Assistance in restoring state authority
  • Supporting the political process and protecting human rights
  • Support in securing humanitarian aid
  • Protection of cultural heritage and facilities in cooperation with UNESCO .

discourse

The UN troops became the target of Sunni extremists shortly after their arrival. The UN units were not prepared for an anti-terrorist operation and suffered losses from car bombs and booby traps due to unsuitable equipment and inadequate self-protection. According to observers, United Nations forces have neither the equipment nor the military doctrine to successfully fight terrorists. In 2015, a UN commission of experts found that peacekeeping forces were unsuitable for anti-terrorist operations.

guide

General Kazura, Force Commander 2013-2014
No. country Rank Surname Beginning of the appointment
1 RwandaRwanda Rwanda Major General ( OF-7 ) Jean Bosco Kazura July, 1st 2013
2 ChadChad Chad Division General (OF-7) Oumar Bikimo 5th December 2014
3 DenmarkDenmark Denmark Major General (OF-7) Michael Lollesgaard April 1, 2015
4th BelgiumBelgium Belgium Major General (OF-7) Jean-Paul Deconinck January 1, 2017
5 SwedenSweden Sweden Lieutenant General (OF-8) Dennis Gyllensporre October 2, 2018

German participation

First phase

On June 27, 2013, the German Bundestag resolved with 502 votes in favor, 69 against and 7 abstentions that German participation in MINUSMA up to a maximum of 150 soldiers. Up until June 30, 2014, the German Armed Forces participated by providing C-160 D Transall transport aircraft from neighboring countries to Mali and within Mali. The base of the aircraft was Dakar in Senegal under the command of a lieutenant colonel. In Germany also one was refueling aircraft of the type Airbus A310 MRTT in a 96-hour standby for a mission support MINUSMA provided. At peak times, around 100 soldiers were deployed to support the mission at the same time. The mission was supported separately from the EUTM Mali, which was running at the same time . In February 2014, German Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen visited the German contingent in Mali. When the leadership of EUTM Mali passed to a German brigadier general at the end of July 2015, von der Leyen was again in Mali.

On January 28, 2016, the German Bundestag decided with 503 votes in favor, 66 against and 6 abstentions to continue the participation of armed German armed forces in MINUSMA and to expand it from 150 to 650 soldiers at present. The resolution was based on resolutions 2100 (2013), 2164 (2014) and 2227 (2015) of the United Nations Security Council of April 25, 2013, June 25, 2014 and June 29, 2015. From now on, “Property protection forces and required operational, logistics, medical and management support forces, an increased mixed reconnaissance company and an increased German personnel approach in the staffs of the mission in Bamako and Gao ”.

Extension of mandate - Ground-based forces

On February 3, 2016, the first German forces arrived at Camp Castor in Gao, Mali. In April 2016, 120 soldiers from reconnaissance battalion 6 “Holstein” from Eutin were transferred to a field camp in Gao . Another 280 soldiers followed until June 2016. The forces were provided by the Air Force object protection regiment (a security train), the 164 Special Pioneer Regiment from Husum (field camp company train), the 401 Panzer Grenadier Battalion from Hagenow (QRF train on TPz Fuchs ) as well as various pioneer , command support - , and medical units .

On June 1, 2016, Germany took over the command of the mixed reconnaissance company from the Royal Dutch Army . The forces of this 3rd contingent were provided in bulk by the Panzerlehrbrigade 9 , in particular from the Reconnaissance Training Battalion 3 "Lüneburg", the Panzergrenadierlehrbataillon 92, the Panzer Pioneer Battalion 130 and the Supply Battalion 141. Likewise, forces of the object protection regiment of the Air Force (consisting of total company strength) continued to belong of security forces , field intelligence personnel and an Air Mobile Protection Team , to protect the Dutch CH-47 .

The forces of the 4th to 6th contingent were largely provided by the Mountain Infantry Brigade 23 , in the 4th operational contingent in particular from the Mountain Reconnaissance Battalion 230 (mixed reconnaissance company), the 2nd Company of the Mountain Hunter Battalion 231 (QRF train) and the Mountain Supply Battalion 8 (support company) . The Air Force object protection regiment provided a security company.

From April 2017, parts of the MANTIS weapon system (sensor and command components) were relocated to Gao in order to protect the Camp CASTOR from rocket, artillery and mortar attacks. The weapon system and crew were provided by anti-aircraft missile group 61 from Todendorf , the MANTIS train was subordinated to the object protection company. The operational readiness of the system was reported on January 24, 2018.

The bulk of the 5th contingent was provided by 4th Company of Mountain Infantry Battalion 233.

The 7th and 8th contingent were provided from January to May 2018 and June to September 2018, respectively, mainly by soldiers from Airborne Brigade 1 , above all from Paratrooper Regiment 31, Airborne Reconnaissance Company 310 and Airborne Engineer Company 270 . In addition, there were field camp operators from the 3rd Company of the 164 Special Pioneer Regiment from Husum as well as forces from the Air Force's object protection regiment. A Lithuanian security train was incorporated into the property protection company .

The main focus of the 9th contingent was the Franco-German Brigade from Müllheim . From September 2018, the lead organization was the Jägerbataillon 291 from Illkirch-Graffenstaden (France) under the leadership of battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel Martin Winkler.

From April 2019, the 10th to 12th deployment contingent was primarily provided by the Mountain Infantry Brigade 23 . The lead organization was the Mountain Infantry Battalion 232 from Berchtesgaden under the leadership of Battalion Commander Lieutenant Colonel Martin Sonnenberger. Other parts were provided by the Mountain Reconnaissance Battalion 230 and the Mountain Supply Battalion 8 (both in Füssen ). From September 2019, the 12th contingent was primarily provided by the 2nd Company of the Mountain Infantry Battalion 233 from Mittenwald .

From January 2020, the 13th and 14th contingent were again put in focus by the Franco-German Brigade . The lead organization is the Jägerbataillon 292 from Donaueschingen under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel Sandro Brandt. Other larger troop contributors are Jägerbataillon 291, Panzerpionierkompanie 550, the 3rd company of the German / French supply battalion , the reconnaissance battalions 7 and 13 , as well as the logistics battalions 171 and 131. In addition, there are forces of electronic warfare , civil-military cooperation and medical forces from all over Germany.

From September 2020, the 15th contingent will be the main focus of the Mountain Infantry Brigade 23, the lead unit is again the Mountain Infantry Battalion 231. Most of the forces come from the 4th Company.

Extension of mandate - aviation component

On November 1, 2016, a Heron drone took off for the first time on a mission flight for MINUSMA. It is operated in Gao by soldiers from the Tactical Air Force Wing 51 "Immelmann" from Jagel together with civilian technicians. On January 31, 2017, the first flight with a satellite connection to Germany took place. This should be used to send reconnaissance data, which will then be evaluated at the home location and made available to MINUSMA. In this way, full operational capability (FOC) was achieved. On April 7, 2017, the Heron completed the 1000th flight hour and at the end of May 2018 the 8000th flight hour in the MINUSMA mission.

The German contingent also includes an air transport base in Niamey ( Niger ). Two C-160 ESS Transall are primarily intended for the transport of injured or sick German soldiers, but also for material transport. In Niamey, the Central Medical Service operates a casualty staging unit for triage and preparation for further transport to the home country ( STRATAIRMEDEVAC ).

The Army Aviation are 2017, the Royal Air Force to replace if they will withdraw their combat helicopters. To this end, the army is to send three NH90 - MedEvac and Eurocopter Tiger combat helicopters to protect the NH90, as well as one additional helicopter of the respective type as a reserve to Gao. The machines and personnel are provided by the 10th transport helicopter regiment from Faßberg , the 30th transport helicopter regiment from Niederstetten and the 36 combat helicopter regiment from Fritzlar . On January 27 and 29, the first two NH90s were transported from Germany to Bamako , where the machines were reassembled. The helicopters were transported individually with AN-124 of the SALIS program . On January 31, they moved to Gao, where the 3rd and 4th machines arrived on February 4th.

On March 2, 2017, responsibility for MEDEVAC was taken over by the Dutch armed forces and the first operational flight took place. Two injured civilian employees were taken care of by MINUSMA after an IED attack and brought to Gao.

On March 21, 2017, the first two Tiger combat helicopters arrived in Bamako by air, where they will be made operational again and then relocated to Gao.

The FOC for the NH-90 was reported on April 24, 2017.

On April 18, 2017, two German NH90-MEDEVAC flew five soldiers of the Malian armed forces from Gourma-Rharous to Gao who had been wounded in an attack as part of a wounded evacuation on behalf of the MINUSMA leadership . There the wounded were handed over to the French ( Operation Barkhane ) and the Chinese Role-2 facility (MINUSMA) for further treatment.

On May 5, 2017, the TIGER combat helicopter was used for the first time at MINUSMA.

On May 7, 2017, the mixed Army Aviation Unit carried out a MEDEVAC mission in Bourem . Five members of the Malian armed forces wounded in an attack were transported to Gao. By February 2018, a total of 39 wounded had been evacuated with the German NH-90.

On February 5, 2018, two Belgian NH-90s arrived in Bamako via SALIS . They are to be integrated into the German Army Aviation Unit with around 50 Belgian soldiers. On February 11, 2018, the two Belgian NH-90s arrived in Gao, after certification by the UN they started operations, three German and two Belgian NH-90s then formed a binational army aviation association.

After 14 months of service and a total of 185 flights, the German TIGER combat helicopters completed their last mission on June 15, 2018. For the time being, they were replaced by a second helicopter detachment with MD-500 from El Salvador . (A helicopter detachment consisting of three MD-500E is already in use in Timbuktu.)

On July 3, 2018, the NH-90 component was also removed from use. The binational NH-90 fleet completed 181 operational flights. In 15 rescue missions, 43 blue helmet soldiers, some seriously injured, members of the Malian armed forces and civilians were safely escaped from the danger area. On August 1, 2018, the German Army Aviation Unit was replaced by a contingent of the Canadian Armed Forces , consisting of three CF-147F Chinooks and five CH-146 Griffons as well as 250 men. Since mid-July 2018, three Royal Air Force CH-47Fs have been stationed in Gao, primarily supporting Operation Barkhane of the French armed forces . However, this works closely with the MINUSMA mission.

Extension of mandate - training aid

In addition, Germany is working with the United Nations to help improve the infrastructure in northern Mali. Specifically, the airfield in Gao is being repaired and renewed as part of the federal government's upgrading initiative. The Federal Republic of Germany is funding the renewal of the runway at the airfield in Gao with 12 million euros. The preparations already started in August 2017. The measures should be completed in 2018. Then Gao can be reached again with larger passenger and cargo planes. Due to the weathered substance, they cannot use the previous runway. A corresponding agreement between the United Nation and Germany was signed on September 13, 2017 at the MINUSMA headquarters in Bamako. The airfield plays a key role in the northern Malian region. It is mainly used by MINUSMA forces . The German contribution will be incorporated into the trust fund for the support of peace and security in Mali, which was set up at the request of the Security Council (resolution 2085/2012) in order to increase the country's long-term development prospects. The fund managed by MINUSMA in Mali receives contributions from various donors such as Germany, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Switzerland and Turkey.

Incidents

On July 6, 2016, a German patrol from the MINUSMA contingent north of Gao was fired at with small arms. There was no personal injury or property damage.

On April 12, 2017, a patrol of the German MINUSMA contingent in Gao was fired at with handguns. The soldiers returned fire and evaded. There was no personal injury or property damage in this incident.

On July 26, 2017, a Tiger attack helicopter of the German armed forces crashed near Tabankort ( Bourem district , Gao region ) in northern Mali while observing confrontations on the ground. Both crew members were killed. The helicopter burned out completely. The cause of the crash was initially unclear. In December 2018 it was announced that a maintenance bug led to the crash. A public prosecutor's investigation was initiated against the mechanics responsible at Airbus .

On November 14, 2017, a Malian civilian attempted to break into the UN Camp Castor in Gao. While the German security forces were issuing orders, there was an unintentional fire in a Fuchs armored personnel carrier , and two German soldiers were slightly injured. You were treated on the spot. After firing a warning shot with a signal pistol, the civilian was picked up on the outer fence of the camp and handed over to the local UN military police.

On the evening of February 16, 2019, a German convoy was fired at with handguns about 50 kilometers west of Gao. The soldiers who were tasked with recovering a Belgian UN vehicle returned fire and were able to continue their mission and returned unharmed to Camp Castor. It was only later revealed that it was an exchange of fire between the Malian army (FAMa) and German forces. In the incident, a Malian soldier was wounded and taken by German forces to the French ROLE-2 medical facility and later to Bamako for further care. The more precise circumstances are being investigated further.

On November 26, 2019, a traffic accident occurred at the air transport base in Niamey (Niger). Two German soldiers were hit by a vehicle in the accident. One soldier suffered minor injuries and one female soldier suffered severe injuries.

On January 1, 2020, a DINGO 2 from the German-led reconnaissance unit drove south of Gao to an improvised booby trap. Two Belgian soldiers were wounded in the process.

On January 24, 2020, a DINGO 2 of the Belgian reconnaissance platoon, as part of the contingent led through Germany, hit an improvised booby trap near Gao. 3 Belgian soldiers were wounded in the process.

An attack was carried out on a German-Irish convoy north of Gao on February 25, 2020. Three Irish soldiers were wounded when their armored vehicle hit an improvised booby trap.

On April 28, 2020, a German blue helmet soldier and four other German soldiers were slightly injured while on patrol south of Gao. For an unexplained cause, a smoke grenade was triggered in a Dingo vehicle . The injured were taken to the military medical facilities in Gao and given medical treatment.

German contingent leaders

No. Surname Beginning of the term of office Term expires Home service post
1. Lieutenant Colonel Marc Vogt 3rd February 2016 June 1, 2016 Commander 1st Battalion Object Protection Regiment of the Air Force
2. Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Radu June 1, 2016 October 6, 2016 Commander Reconnaissance Battalion 6 in Eutin
3. Lieutenant Colonel Michael Hoppstädter October 6, 2016 January 24, 2017 Commander of Reconnaissance Training Battalion 3 in Lüneburg
4th Lieutenant Colonel Marc Couples January 24, 2017 29th July 2017 Commander of the Mountain Reconnaissance Battalion 230 in Füssen
5. Colonel Johannes Gerhard Derichs 29th July 2017 January 31, 2018 Commander of teaching group A of the Army Officers School in Dresden
6th Colonel Johannes Aslak Heisner January 31, 2018 3rd October 2018 Commander Brigade Units and Deputy Commander Airborne Brigade 1 in Saarlouis
7th Colonel Frank Wachter 3rd October 2018 2nd April 2019 Commander Brigade Units and Deputy Commander of the Franco-German Brigade in Müllheim
8th. Colonel Stefan Leonhard 2nd April 2019 1st October 2019 Commander brigade units and deputy commander of the Mountain Infantry Brigade 23 in Bad Reichenhall
9. Colonel Ingo Korzetz 1st October 2019 April 08, 2020 Chief of Staff of the Franco-German Brigade in Muellheim
10. Colonel Michael Felten April 08, 2020 Leader of the Mountain Infantry Brigade's Military Training and Support Group 23

Web links

Commons : United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Kevin Sieff: "The world's deadliest UN mission" Washington Post from February 17, 2017
  2. ^ UN: UN Peacekeeping Operations. (PDF) Retrieved May 14, 2017 (English).
  3. ↑ Extension of the Bundeswehr mission in Mali (MINUSMA 2020/2021). Parliamentary Watch, May 29, 2020, accessed on July 23, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Security Council updates mandate of UN mission in Mali, extends two other operations. United Nations News Center, June 25, 2014, accessed August 2, 2014 .
  5. ^ Resolution 2480 (2019). (PDF) UN, June 28, 2019, accessed July 1, 2019 .
  6. ↑ MINUSMA facts and figures. United Nations, March 31, 2015, accessed November 20, 2015 .
  7. ↑ Mali. Retrieved November 1, 2017 .
  8. ↑ C-130 rende C-295 em Força Nacional Destacada no Mali. (No longer available online.) March 16, 2015, archived from the original on November 7, 2017 ; accessed on November 1, 2017 (por).
  9. ^ Tessalit, première attaque terroriste contre les casques bleus au Mali. In: https://www.rfi.fr/ . October 24, 2013, accessed on August 22, 2020 (French).
  10. ↑ Mali: Attentat Meurtrier à Kidal contre des forces de la Minusma. In: https://www.rfi.fr/ . December 14, 2013, accessed on August 22, 2020 (French).
  11. ↑ 2 Apache vliegers omgekomen in Mali. (No longer available online.) In: www.defensie.nl. Ministerie van Defensie, March 17, 2015, archived from the original on March 7, 2018 ; Retrieved March 29, 2018 (Dutch).
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  13. ↑ Two Dutch soldiers killed in an accident in Mali. In: RP Online. Rheinische Post, July 6, 2016, accessed on March 30, 2018 .
  14. ^ Terrorist group: Attack in Mali, reaction to Gauck's visit. Deutsche Welle , February 13, 2016, accessed on February 13, 2016 .
  15. ↑ United Nations News Service Section: UN News - Mali: Security Council, UN mission condemn attack on Kidal base that kills one 'blue helmet'. January 24, 2017, accessed March 6, 2017 .
  16. ↑ UN blue helmets and Malian forces targeted in 'cowardly' terrorist attacks. Retrieved April 19, 2017 .
  17. ↑ 'Blue helmet' killed in attack on UN Mission camp in Timbuktu, Mali. Retrieved May 5, 2016 .
  18. ^ Swedish soldiers injured in Mali mortar attack. Retrieved May 5, 2016 .
  19. ↑ Two dead in attack on UN peacekeeping force in Mali
  20. ^ Mali: Three UN peacekeepers killed in attack in Kidal. Retrieved June 15, 2017 .
  21. ^ UN, Security Council condemn deadly attacks on peacekeeping mission in Mali. August 14, 2017, accessed August 18, 2017 .
  22. ↑ Mali: Guterres strongly condemns deadly attack against UN mission convoy. October 26, 2017, accessed October 28, 2017 .
  23. ↑ Mali: un quatrième Casque bleu tchadien décédé suite à l'attaque du 26 octobre in the region de Kidal. Retrieved November 21, 2017 (French).
  24. ↑ Thomas Wiegold: Battles in Mali: blue helmets killed, Bundeswehr helicopters in action (with correction). In: eyes straight ahead! Retrieved November 24, 2017 .
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