Rape of boys and men

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A cartoon depicting British and American soldiers rape an Iraqi prisoner.

A significant number of rape or sexual assault victims are male. A study conducted in England found that 3% of men surveyed had non-consensual sex as adults, 5% had non-consensual sex as adolescents (under 16 years of age) and 8% of non-consensual sex as children (under 14 years of age). Male rape is still largely a taboo in society, both among heterosexual and homosexual men.

Most male rape victims do not want to and often cannot admit that they have been raped and try to suppress the crime. As a result, male rape victims make very vague statements about the injuries they have suffered when they visit medical or psychiatric services. It is very difficult for heterosexual as well as for homosexual men to communicate their experiences to other people, because they fear that they will not be taken seriously by society and their social environment and they are afraid of social stigmatization and rejection.

Research and statistics

Research into rape of males was not conducted until the late 1970s and has mainly focused on male children. Studies of sexual assault in prisons , with a specific focus on the consequences of male rape, have only been available since the early 1980s. However, no further studies on this type of rape have appeared in recent years. Most rape and sexual assault materials deal only with female victims and ignore men.

Prejudice against raped boys and men

Men cannot be raped

Due to the prevailing social image of masculinity , many people assume that men, even younger men, cannot be raped, not even that their sexual self-determination can be violated in any way, and if someone gets too close to them, then they are also able to fight back. However, young men are often weaker and vulnerable to a usually stronger, larger and more experienced perpetrator. The perpetrators can threaten or bribe the victim with money in order to abuse them. It can also be manipulated or under the influence of alcohol or other drugs .

In 1975 Märta Tikkanen , a literary scholar and journalist living in Finland, wrote a fictional novel entitled How do I rape a man? It shows that at the core of rape it is mostly not about sexuality, but about humiliation , humiliation and demonstration of power . The novel was made into a film in 1978. The book was published in its last edition in 1996.

Men always want to have sex

A widespread social belief is that a man who gets an erection or an orgasm would be ready to have sex and enjoy any kind of sexual activity. Roy J. Levin and Willy Van Berlo wrote in an article that stress or mild genital stimulation can trigger an erection even though there is no specific sexual stimulation. An erection does not mean that a man is okay with sex. Similar to the female erection , the male erection can be triggered by mechanical stimulation, even if the man does not consent to sex in any way. Arousal and stimulation are two different things. Stimulation is a physical response to a stimulus. Men can be physically stimulated without making them feel aroused.

Men who have been raped are less traumatized than women

A prejudice that men who have been raped are less traumatized than women is absolutely wrong, on the contrary. Studies show that the long-term effects of rape, whether the victim is male or female, are mostly life-threatening. In addition, men are exposed to greater social stigmatization, which leads to even greater psychological damage to the male rape victims. A study conducted by American doctors Eogan and Richardson found that men had the same feelings of suffering as women. Frazier (1993) examined 74 male and 1,380 female rape victims. In her research, she found that depression and self-hatred were significantly more severe in male rape victims than in female rape victims. She attributed this to social stigmatization and the widespread disbelief that men can be victims.

Men who have been raped become homosexual

Henry Leak, chairman of the Survivors organization, noted that rape, both men and women, has more to do with power than sexuality, and is not unique to the homosexual community. The sexual orientation is a complex issue, and the majority of offenders who rape boys, is not gay, according to Kinsey Report two-thirds of male offenders are already married with a wife or marry later. Male rape victims are often afraid of being viewed as homosexual, weak, or that their appearance provoked the act.

consequences

Physical consequences

Severe emotional and physical trauma often results from sexual violence . 31.5% of the female and 16.1% of the male victims of sexual assault stated that they had not suffered any physical injuries as a result. Compared to female victims, male victims stated that they had sustained more physical injuries and that they were threatened with a weapon (pistol or knife) by perpetrators more often. The most common physical injuries were headaches, ulcers, nausea, colitis , sore throats, and broken bones. There is also the risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases or fungal infections .

Long-term psychological consequences

Symptoms have been described

Suicide rate

The suicide rate of men who have been raped is 14-15 times higher than that of men who have not been a victim of any sexual offense.

Healing therapy

Male victims of sexual violence require extensive psychological and emotional therapy.

See also

Individual evidence

This article or section needs to be revised: The following also applies in the footnotes: marked quotations in the original language, comments in the project language. The English-language notes should be translated or marked as a quotation.
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  1. ↑ Deborah Condon: Male rape 'still a taboo subject'. Comments of Dr Maeve Eogan and Deirdra Richardson in Modern Medicine, the Irish Journal of Clinical Medicine . In: Irish Health , April 4, 2014.
  2. ↑ It is difficult for a male victim, heterosexual or gay, to report the sexual assault that was experienced by him, especially in a society with a strong masculine custom. They are afraid that people will doubt their sexual orientation and label them as gay. A perception of being gay is also a motive in many cases.
  3. ↑ Priya M Menon: Lacking support, male rape victims stay silent. In: The Times of India , February 16, 2013.
  4. ↑ Märta Tikkanen. In: Rowohlt Theater Verlag. Retrieved August 14, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Märta Tikkanen : How do I rape a man? Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1996, ISBN 978-3-499-14581-0 (Swedish: Män kan inte våldtas . 1975. Translated by Verena Reichel ).
  6. ↑ For example, Mumbai Advocate Flavia Agnes said, “The consequences of rape for a woman are far-reaching. She has to battle social stigma, social mindset. While fixing marriages, nobody asks a man if he is a virgin. " In: The Times of India , July 20, 2012. Activists oppose making rape gender-neutral.
  7. ^ Frazier Patricia A: A comparative study of male and female rape victims seen at a hospital-based rape crisis program . In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence . 8, No. 1, 1993, pp. 64-76. doi : 10.1177 / 088626093008001005 . Cited from Jai Vipra. July 2013. CCS working Paper # 286, A Case for Gender-Neutral Rape Laws in India .
  8. ↑ Sexual orientation is a complex issue, and the majority of male perpetrators who seek out boys are not homosexual.
  9. ↑ Sexual abuse of boys - Information - Lichtweg.de , accessed on April 10, 2019
  10. ↑ Christine Salek: 19-Year-Old Toronto Man Sexually Assaulted By 4 Women, Police Say. In: ibtimes.com , April 8, 2013.
  11. ↑ Survivors .
  12. ↑ Dealing with male sexual violence | Sexual abuse & sexual assault. In: Living Well. Retrieved August 21, 2020 (American English).
  13. ↑ Experiences of sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence - Women Help Women in Not eV Accessed on August 13, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Holmes, WC, MD, MSCE, GB Slap, MS: Sexual Abuse of Boys. 280 (1) In: Journal of the American Medical Association (1998): 1855-1862, citing numerous studies.