Ordinance on the approval of doctors to work for the health insurance companies
The ordinance on the admission of doctors to work with the health insurance funds of April 22, 1933 revoked “ non-Aryan ” doctors and those who had “worked in the communist sense” of their medical license.
background
In the call for a boycott of Jews published by the Reich leadership of the NSDAP on March 30, 1933 in the Völkischer Beobachter , it was requested that the number of Jewish employees in all professions should be limited according to their proportion of the population. For tactical reasons, this requirement should initially be limited to three areas, namely to the profession of doctors, for lawyers and to attendance at “German secondary schools” (see law on admission to the bar of April 7, 1933 and Law against the overcrowding of German schools and universities of April 25, 1933).
With its exception provisions, the ordinance is based on the recently enacted law on the restoration of the civil service .
content
The ordinance revoked doctors who had "acted in the communist sense" and all "non-Aryan" doctors with immediate effect.
Non-Aryan doctors could, however, keep their license if they had worked before 1914 or if their father was killed in the war. Anyone who could claim that his father or himself had been active as a soldier or in the medical service at the front could also keep or apply for a statutory health insurance certificate, see Front Fighter Privilege .
Effects
The Reich Statistical Office put the number of Jewish doctors (here according to the criterion of religious affiliation) at 5,557 for 1933; that was around 10.9 percent of all doctors in Germany. The number of Jewish doctors affected, who lost their health insurance license and were now solely dependent on private patients, is not known. In the case of exemptions comparable to those in the law for the restoration of the civil service , considerably more Jews were able to take advantage of this than the National Socialists had previously estimated.
A little later the ordinance was extended to include Jewish dentists and dental technicians.
After the fourth ordinance on the Reich Citizenship Act of July 25, 1938, Jewish doctors were deprived of their license to practice medicine with effect from September 30, 1938 . Of the 3,152 Jewish doctors still practicing, 709 received a “revocable permit” to work as “ medical practitioners ” exclusively for Jewish patients.
Interpretations
The historian Uwe Dietrich Adam points out that on April 7, 1933, Adolf Hitler only advocated a drastic regulation for lawyers in the cabinet, but did not consider a legal regulation for doctors to be opportune "until comprehensive educational work in this regard had not started" . This reluctance is understandable because in some large cities such as Berlin and Wroclaw the percentage of Jewish doctors was so high that adequate medical care must appear to be jeopardized by a professional ban . In addition, the special relationship of trust between doctor and patient had to be taken into account: it was to be expected that a total professional ban would by no means have been accepted everywhere.
Reich Labor Minister Franz Seldte nevertheless felt compelled to comply with the pressure of the party base and to restrict the practice of Jewish doctors. Numerous Jewish doctors had already had their statutory health insurance withdrawn, without there being a uniform rule across the empire. Adam judges: “This points to a revolutionary characteristic peculiar to the National Socialist system of rule, comprehensible with the formula of the 'justificatio post eventum': The constant movement processes of a breach of the law caused by the party offices resulted in the compulsion to subsequently legalize the existing factualities be granted. "even Ian Kershaw sees in the law, the attempt" to sanction legalization of measures which had been often been illegally imported from party activists, followed the mainly own in discriminating next whatsoever ideological motives interests. "
literature
- Uwe Dietrich Adam: Jewish policy in the Third Reich . Düsseldorf 2003, ISBN 3-7700-4063-5 (unv. Reprint from 1972)
- Anna von Villiez: Ousted with all her might. Disenfranchisement and persecution "non-Aryan doctors in Hamburg 1933 to 1945. Studies on Jewish history Vol. 1, Dölling and Galitz Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-937-90484-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolf Gruner (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 , Vol. 1: German Reich 1933–1937. Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58480-6 , Document 17, Point 9, p. 103.
- ↑ Wolf Gruner (edit.): The persecution and murder of the European Jews ... Vol. 1., German Reich 1933 - 1937. Document 53, p. 189.
- ↑ Uwe Dietrich Adam: Jewish policy in the Third Reich . Düsseldorf 2003, ISBN 3-7700-4063-5 , pp. 48/49
- ^ Ordinance on the activities of dentists and dental technicians in the health insurance funds of June 2, 1933, RGBl. I, p. 350
- ^ Konrad Kwiet : After the Pogrom: Levels of Exclusion. In: Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): The Jews in Germany 1933-1945. Munich 1966, ISBN 3-406-33324-9 , p. 548.
- ↑ Uwe Dietrich Adam: Jewish policy ... p. 51
- ↑ Uwe Dietrich Adam: Jewish policy ... p. 51
- ↑ Ian Kershaw: Hitler 1889-1936. 2nd edition Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-421-05131-3 , p. 601