Indian Springs Treaty

The Indian Springs Treaty is a land assignment treaty signed on February 12, 1825 between some of the Muskogee leaders and the United States of America , and ratified by the United States Congress on March 7, 1825 . Was a source venue (Engl. Spring ) between Jackson and Flovilla in Butts County , Georgia.

Major Ridge, signatory and supporter of the treaty. Drawn by Charles Bird King (1834)

The agreement regulates the assignment of around half of the tribal area, approximately 81,000 square kilometers, to the United States. In return, the Muskogee would receive $ 400,000, land in Indian territory , as well as alimony and supplies. The signatories of the treaty, including Major Ridge and his son John Ridge, belonged to the Treaty Party , which advocated the resettlement of the Cherokee in what is now Oklahoma . The majority of the Cherokee under John Ross rejected this contract and did not consider it binding. Shortly after the treaty was ratified, MacIntosh was killed by a group of Muskogee around Menawa in May of the same year because of the cession that was viewed as treason.

The Muskogee Council, led by Opothleyahola, successfully protested the treaty. A new agreement, the Washington Treaty of 1826, repealed the previous treaty. This makes the Indian Springs Treaty the only ratified treaty between the United States and an Indian tribe that has been annulled. However, the Georgian government refused to recognize the cancellation made in 1826 and continued the evictions. The expulsions under the Indian resettlement culminated in the Trail of Tears designated deportation of Muskogee.

The area around the “Indian Springs” spring is now protected and administered by the Georgian government as Indian Springs State Park .

literature

Angie Debo: The Road to Disappearance. A History of the Creek Indians . University of Oklahoma Press, Norman OK 1987, ISBN 0-8061-1532-7 (English).
Michael D. Green: The Politics of Indian Removal. Creek Government and Society in Crisis . University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln NE et al. 1985, ISBN 0-8032-7015-1 (English).
Sean Michael O'Brien: In bitterness and in tears: Andrew Jackson's destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles . Praeger, Lincoln NE et al. 2003, ISBN 0-275-97946-6 (English).

Individual evidence

^ Charles J. Kappler. Washington: United States Government Printing Office , 1904 .: TREATY WITH THE CREEKS, 1825. In: Electronic Publishing Center Oklahoma State University. Oklahoma State University, accessed March 19, 2009 (transcribed from the original text of the Indian Springs Treaty).
^ Michael D. Green: The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis . University of Nebraska Press, 1985, ISBN 0-8032-7015-1 , Creek Removal from Georgia, 1826-27, pp. 126-140 (English).

[1] Charles J. Kappler. Washington: United States Government Printing Office , 1904 .: TREATY WITH THE CREEKS, 1825. In: Electronic Publishing Center Oklahoma State University. Oklahoma State University, accessed March 19, 2009 (transcribed from the original text of the Indian Springs Treaty).

[2] Michael D. Green: The Politics of Indian Removal: Creek Government and Society in Crisis . University of Nebraska Press, 1985, ISBN 0-8032-7015-1 , Creek Removal from Georgia, 1826-27, pp. 126-140 (English).