Defamation
As Verunechtung refers to a term used in diplomacy (diplomatics) used for a subsequent change of a real instrument stands. The term interpolation is also often used.
Impairments happen z. B. by overwriting erased places ( palimpsest ) or by omitting or adding (negative or positive interpolation ). A distinction is to be made between falsification of a document and forgery . This is the case if the document is false (ie not original) from the outset.
In the Middle Ages, defamation of documents was often found in order to achieve political or economic advantages and thus to secure rights and property claims. Both the internal characteristics such as language, formulas, form, etc., as well as the external characteristics of the documents, such as writing material , format, lines, room layout, writing, etc. play an essential role in the detection of impurities . With the help of palaeography , chronology and sphragistics , flaws can often be proven. Since the coats of arms have also been corrupted, the heraldry also plays a role in the proof.
See also
literature
- Thomas Vogtherr : Documents and files. In: Outline of the historical sciences. Vol. 4: Sources. Stuttgart 2002, pp. 146-167.
- Leo Santifaller : Document research. Methods, goals, results. 4th ed., Vienna a. a. 1986 (Böhlau study books).
- Fässler, Christian: Real defamation and phony fear - change in values or synergism? An analysis. Suhrkamp 1984 (History and Society Study Series)