Administration of the former Reichsbahn assets
The administration of former Reichsbahn assets (V of) were under from 1953 all equipment and properties owned by the Deutsche Reichsbahn in Berlin's western sectors are not the direct operation of the railway and the S-Bahn Berlin served. This included storage areas, allotment garden colonies ( railroad agriculture ), buildings and houses. The forerunner of the VdeR ("Administration of the Finance Office for Real Estate of the Senate") was set up after the Berlin blockade and the subsequent Berlin S-Bahn strike in 1949 by order of the Western Allies . The Reichsbahn now only had the operating rights in West Berlin .
prehistory
With the end of the Second World War , the Reich's special fund, the Deutsche Reichsbahn, was confiscated by the Allies in their respective zones throughout Germany. In the Soviet occupation zone , the Reichsbahn was handed over to German hands with order number 8 of the SMAD . For reasons of practicality, the Western Allies recognized the management of the Reichsbahn - but not property rights - in West Berlin. On May 31, 1949, the Western Allies decreed that owners of land in the Western Sectors who did not live there or were not based there had to open an account with a bank in the Western Sectors, which they would only have with the approval of the newly created Currency Watchdog were allowed to. The Deutsche Reichsbahn ignored the ordinance of the Western Allies, so that in October 1949 the finance department for real estate of the Senate was entrusted with the administration. The government of the GDR ordered that the Reichsbahn should not react to the forced administration. In the opinion of the GDR government, the Reichsbahn in West Berlin belonged to the GDR and was subject to the legal norms and laws applicable in the GDR.
On October 15, 1953, the administration of the newly established "Administration of the former Reichbahn assets (inventory assets)" was transferred. The plants were still - as far as they were not used for operation - under the Allied right of reservation. In the land registers was up to German reunification as owner "German Reichsbahn German Empire, fund" entered.
Structure and work of the VdeR
The office on Halleschen Ufer (opposite the office building of the Royal Railway Directorate in Berlin used by the Reichsbahn ) was formally subordinate to the Berlin Senator for Finance as Department E ; in fact, it was an outpost of the Deutsche Bundesbahn , which also provided the staff. All lease and rental income from the Reichsbahn assets flowed to the VdeR. However, the VdeR was subject to limits where tenants and tenants of land were dependent on electricity and water supplies from the DR and had to conclude a contract with it. Otherwise the delivery was stopped for "technical reasons". The VdeR then had to tacitly accept this.
In the early days, VdeR employees were only able to access the railway facilities of the Reichsbahn under West Berlin police protection, because the GDR repeatedly tried to enforce sovereign rights in West Berlin. In their opinion, the railway systems in West Berlin should have been the territory of the GDR . This claim has always been countered by the Allies and the West, sometimes even with the use of force. It was not until 1984 when the Senate took over the S-Bahn operating rights in West Berlin that the relationship between VdeR and DR relaxed noticeably.
According to estimates by the GDR Ministry of Transport, the income from the VdeR assets in the period from 1949 to 1983 amounted to around DM 400 million, while spending around DM 125 million at the same time. The Ministry of Transport assumed the following assets for the mid-1980s:
- 798 storage spaces with a usable area of around 1.2 million square meters
- 194 storage rooms and storage ramps with around 51,000 square meters of usable space
- 10 freight halls with around 80,000 square meters of usable space
- 233 light rail arches with 31,000 square meters of usable space
- Properties with an area of around 170,000 square meters that were used by connecting railways.
- Allotments with an area of approximately 930,000 square meters
- 2,770 company apartments with around 140,000 square meters
- Sales lease of 259 ancillary businesses such as kiosks or restaurants in train stations as well as further income from the rental of advertising space or the approval of machine setups
In many new station buildings, such as the Halensee S-Bahn station in 1960 , the VdeR participated as a direct grant provider or commissioned extensions, such as the terraces at the Zoo station in the 1950s. Even after the transfer of the operating rights of the West Berlin S-Bahn from the Deutsche Reichsbahn to the Senate and BVG on January 9, 1984, the VdeR was financially involved in the renovation of stations and new buildings.
resolution
The V of was with the German reunification and the consequent elimination of the Allied reservation special fund of the Federal . According to the Unification Treaty of 1990 , the VdeR was merged with the Deutsche Reichsbahn to form the Deutsche Reichsbahn special fund .
The former Reichsbahn assets (inventory assets) in Berlin (West), which were not used for operational purposes by BVG (S-Bahn) or the German State Railroad, were initially managed by the administrative office of the former Reichsbahn assets.
According to the Railway Reorganization Act , the special assets of the Bundesbahn and Reichsbahn were finally merged on January 1, 1994 to form the federal railway assets . The Deutsche Bahn AG was created by outsourcing only those entrepreneurial parts from the federal railway assets that were necessary to provide rail transport services and to operate the railway infrastructure .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de/lexikon/ausgabe.php?abf=v viewed on June 20, 2012
- ↑ Ciesla, Osten , pp. 30f.
- ↑ Ciesla, Osten , p. 32.
literature
- Bernd Kuhlmann: Railway node Berlin. The development of the Berlin railway network since 1838. Verlag GVE, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89218-099-7 .
- Burghard Ciesla : When the east drove through the west. The history of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in West Berlin. Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-412-30505-5 .