Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt

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VM Goldschmidt

Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt (nickname Victor Goldschmidt; born February 10, 1853 in Mainz , † May 8, 1933 in Salzburg ) was a German mineralogist , crystallographer , natural philosopher , mineral collector and patron .

Life

Victor and Leontine Goldschmidt's grave in the Heidelberg Bergfriedhof (Dept. S).

Victor Goldschmidt studied at the Bergakademie Freiberg in Saxony, where he graduated as a metallurgical engineer in 1874.

After briefly studying in Munich he became 1880 in Heidelberg with his work over availability of a Kaliumquecksilberjodidlösung in mineralogical and petrographic studies Dr. phil. PhD. He then continued his studies in Vienna from 1882 to 1887 . In 1888 he completed his habilitation at Heidelberg University on projection and graphic crystal calculation . In the same year he married his cousin Leontine von Portheim, daughter of a Prague industrialist.

In 1892 he became an associate professor at the University of Heidelberg , in 1909 a full honorary professor. In 1912 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg . In 1913 he was elected a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences , and in 1914 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Victor Goldschmidt founded his private "Mineralogical-Crystallographic Institute" in Heidelberg around 1895. His atlas of crystal forms (18 volumes) was published between 1913 and 1923. It was during this period that he was appointed Privy Councilor in 1917. In 1923, Victor Goldschmidt became an honorary member of the Natural History and Medical Association of Heidelberg .

Victor Goldschmidt was a Freemason and a member of the Heidelberg Masonic Lodge Ruprecht zu den five Rosen .

In 1919 Victor and Leontine Goldschmidt established the Josefine and Eduard von Portheim Foundation for Science and Art , named after Victor Goldschmidt's mother and Leontine Goldschmidt's father. They brought their extensive private collections of European and non-European art and ethnographics to the foundation.

Victor Goldschmidt founded several scientific institutes, including an ethnographic institute, on the collections of which today's ethnographic museum is based.

On the 80th birthday of Victor Goldschmidt in 1933, the board of directors of the von Portheim Foundation named the “Mineralogical-Crystallographic Institute” the “Victor Goldschmidt Institute”. In 1939 the institute was closed by the foundation and then sold.

Although he was baptized, Victor Goldschmidt was forced to emigrate to Austria after the Nazis came to power in 1933 because of his Jewish origins. He died on May 8, 1933 in Salzburg during a stay at a spa. He found his final resting place in Heidelberg, the place of his scientific work and the whereabouts of his life's work. His grave is in the Bergfriedhof in Heidelberg. Leontine Goldschmidt committed suicide on August 25, 1942 after learning of her upcoming deportation to Theresienstadt.

Publications (selection)

  • Index of the Crystalline Forms of Minerals , 3 vol., Berlin: Julius Springer, 1886–1891
  • Crystallographic angle tables , Berlin: Julius Springer, 1897
  • Ueber Harmonie und Complication , Berlin: Julius Springer, 1901
  • Atlas of the crystal forms , 9 panels and 9 volumes of text, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1919 (2nd, extended edition 1929).
  • On Complication and Displication , Winter, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1921. ( Digitalisat Univ. Heidelberg )
  • Course of crystallometry (edited by Hans Himmel & K. Müller), Berlin: Borntraeger, 1934.
  • Lectures on natural philosophy (ed. By F. Pösch), Wertheim am Main: E. Bechstein, 1935.

literature

  • Alexander Kipnis: "Goldschmidt, Victor Mordechai". In: Badische Biographien (NF), Vol. 5 (ed. By Fred Ludwig Sepaintner), Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 2005: 96–98
  • GC Amstutz: Goldschmidt, Victor. In: Ch.C. Gillespie (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 5 . New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1981: 455–456 (also in http://www.encyclopedia.com)
  • Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945 . ed. from the Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem. Saur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 , p. 120.
  • Clara Schlichtenberger: "Harmony and Complication. The collection of Victor Goldschmidt, founder of the Ethnographic Museum of the J. and E. von Portheim Foundation in Heidelberg". In: Journal of the History of Collections. Vol. 10, 1998, pp. 199-206 ( digitized version ).
  • Hans Jürgen Rösler : The crystallograph Victor Goldschmidt 1853-1933. His youth and his relationships with Berlin and Freiberg . TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 2004. ISBN 3-86012-232-0 .
  • Renate Marzolff: Leontine and Victor Goldschmidt . Heidelberg 2007.
  • Frank Engehausen: The Josefine and Eduard von Portheim Foundation for Science and Art 1919–1955. Heidelberg patronage in the shadow of the Third Reich. regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, 2008. ISBN 3-89735-531-0 .
  • Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1803-1932 . (Ed.): Rectorate of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität-Heidelberg. Springer Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo. 2012. 324 pp. ISBN 978-3-642-70761-2 .
  • Martin Sattler: The culture theory of Victor Goldschmidt . Heidelberg: Ethnological Museum of the Josefine and Eduard von Portheim Foundation, 2005. 33 p. ( Digitized version )
  • Ferdinand Herrmann:  Goldschmidt, Victor. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 612 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Hans Jürgen Rösler : The crystallograph Victor Goldschmidt 1853-1933. His youth and his relationships with Berlin and Freiberg . TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 2004. ISBN 3-86012-232-0 , pp. 26-29.
  2. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Victor Goldschmidt. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 20, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Searching for traces (PDF) mattes.de, accessed on November 3, 2017.
personal data
SURNAME Goldschmidt, Victor Mordechai
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Goldschmidt, Victor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mineralogist
DATE OF BIRTH February 10, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Mainz
DATE OF DEATH May 8, 1933
Place of death Salzburg