Vilhelm Kyhn

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Vilhelm Kyhn
portrait by Anna Ancher , 1903
Self-portrait, 1840
Peter Tom-Petersen :
Vilhelm Kyhn in his studio , 1887

Peter Vilhelm Carl Kyhn (born March 30, 1819 in Copenhagen ; † May 11, 1903 in Frederiksberg ) was a Danish landscape painter and professor at the Royal Danish Academy of Art . He is counted among the artists of the Danish Golden Age ( den danske guldalder ).

Life

Vilhelm Kyhn was the son of Carl Gottlieb Kyhn, who was active in the royal Greenland trade, and his wife Sara Marie Hendriksen. At first, according to his father's wishes, he received training in a trading office, but was then able to complete further training with a copper engraver . In 1836 he came to study at the Copenhagen Art Academy, from 1840 in the school of plaster model painting and from 1841 in the model school. Here he was influenced by the classicism of his teachers Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg , the father of the Golden Age, and the history painter Johann Ludwig Lund . Other sources of inspiration were Niels Lauritz Høyen (1798–1870), also a teacher at the academy and an important art critic and historian, as well as NFS Grundtvig , writer, poet and philosopher. In 1843 he made his debut at the Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition (Forårsudstilling) in Copenhagen with: Strandparti fra Bornholm. Lyseklippen ved Rø and received a small silver medal. He was then represented with his works at this renowned exhibition for 60 years and was a member of the exhibition commission from 1873 to 1888. In this capacity he later worked for the Paris World Exhibition in 1878 .

Kyhn was awarded the Neuhausen Prize (Neuhausenske Præmier) in 1845 and an academy scholarship in 1848 (and again in 1851). Due to the unclear conditions in Europe, he was not able to start the trips abroad to be financed with it until 1850, but then stayed for two years in France and Italy. Further study trips later took him to Sweden in 1866 and 1874; Norway 1873 and 1874; Skagen 1877; Paris 1878. He was one of the initiators in founding "Den danske Radeerforening" (the Danish etcher association) in 1853.

Kyhn taught at his own drawing and painting school in the 1850s. In the 1870s his studio became a meeting place for a group of young, dissatisfied artists and academy students, called the “Huleakademiet” (cave academy), a forerunner of the “Kunstnernes Frie Studieskoler” founded in 1882 by Laurits Tuxen . In addition, Kyhn ran a painting school for women between 1865 and 1895, the "Tegneskolen for Kvinder". This school was an alternative for women, as they were denied access to the art academy until 1888. Over 75 women were his students here during these years, including Anna Ancher and Nicoline Tuxen . Her brother Laurits Tuxen was in turn a pupil of Kyhn at the academy until 1872.

Kyhn was a member of the academy from 1870 to 1882 and was elected to the academic plenary assembly in 1887. In 1879 he was honored with the Dannebrogden (Ridder af Dannebrog). In 1897 he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Art .

Vilhelm Kyhn was married to Pauline Petrine Leisner (1821-1894) from September 1853. The couple had three children. The son Svend Carl (1862–1890) was a promising landscape and interior painter, but died very early. Kyhn died a few weeks after his 84th birthday, he was buried in the Solbjerg Park Cemetery (Solbjerg Parkkirkegård) in Frederiksberg.

plant

Along with Johan Thomas Lundbye and PC Skovgaard, Vilhelm Kyhn belonged to the last generation of the so-called Golden Age of Danish painting, which came to an end with the civil war for the Duchy of Schleswig in 1848/50. His academy teachers and the aforementioned Niels Lauritz Høyen and NFS Grundtvig were decisive in his execution towards a national romanticism and the search for his motifs in the Danish landscape.

Many of his landscape motifs are taken from the area around Ry and Silkeborg in East Jutland , where he spent his summers from the 1870s near Himmelbjerget , one of the highest points in Denmark. It is believed that it was here that Kyhn began experimenting with outdoor painting instead of painting in the studio, as he had done before. He was in line with the French painters of the Barbizon School . He preferred to study the same subjects in different lighting conditions, thereby distancing himself from the academic style of painting. Nonetheless, in 1876, he criticized the growing internationalism and influence of French art, which young Danish artists who wanted to travel to France as part of their training, were subject to. His goal here was to defend Danish national art and the Eckersberg school of painting. In 1882 he left the academy in protest.

After Kyhn's death in 1903, around 150 of his works on canvas and paper as well as 130 hand drawings were offered at an auction in the rooms of the Kunstforenigen . Another 212 works were called up in another auction at Charlottenborg in 1904. In an exhibition by Foreningen for National Kunst in 1919 on Kyhn's 100th birthday, around 350 paintings and 50 watercolors were shown.

Works by Vilhelm Kyhn can be found in all the well-known museums in Denmark, for example in Copenhagen in the Statens Museum for Kunst , in the City Museum and in Den Hirschsprungske Samling , in the ARoS Aarhus Art Museum , in the Randers Art Museum and in the Bornholms Art Museum . In the years 2012 to 2014 four museums consecutively showed a large exhibition of his works under the title “Vilhelm Kyhn & det danske landskab”. The participating museums were the Randers Art Museum, the Fuglsang Art Museum , the Ribe Art Museum and Bornholms Art Museum.

“Kyhn paints continuous studies and pictures from all Egne af Danmark, from Himmelbjerget and Kalveboderne, from Bornholm and from Skagen. […] Han is required to have enough all averages and dagnets tider, skildret silence and storm, clear sol and sky, rain, days and nearby sun. Asidigere Landskabsmaler has Verden næppe kendt. "

“Kyhn has made excellent studies and pictures from all parts of Denmark, from Himmelbjerget and Kalveboderne, from Bornholm and Skagen. [...] He tried to reproduce the whole year and every time of day, depicting calm and storms, clear sun and cloudy skies, rain, fog and blowing snow. The world has hardly known a more versatile landscape painter. "

- Karl Madsen

gallery

  • Jutland forest region near Silkeborg (1845)

  • Motif from Capri (1850)

  • Landscape in Savoy with washing women (1850)

  • Winter evening in a forest (1853)

  • A summer's day, motif from Horneland near Fåborg (1869)

  • The beach at Kandestederne (1877)

  • The rectory in Greve (1877)

  • At the Issefjord (1883)

literature

Web links

Commons : Vilhelm Kyhn  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Vilhelm Kyhn. in the Artnet portal
  • Vilhelm Kyhn. at gravsted.dk (Danish)
  • Vilhelm Kyhn & det danske landskab. at Bornholms Kunstmuseum, November 26, 2013. Website for the exhibition, shown from 2012 to 2014 at the Randers Art Museum, Fuglsang Art Museum, Ribe Art Museum and Bornholms Art Museum. (Danish)
  • Vilhelm Kyhn & det danske landskab. onYouTube(video of the aforementioned exhibition) (Danish / English subtitles)
  • Auctioneer over værker af Vilhelm Kyhn. October 27 and 28, 1903, Copenhagen.
    Vilhelm Kyhn: Malerier og Studier , auction February 1904.
    Vilhelm Kyhn 1819-1903. Hundredaars Udstilling - Et udvalg af hans værker , Foreningen for National Kunst, October 1919. ( digital copies at Kunstbib.dk )
    = auction catalogs (after death) and catalog of the exhibition on the artist's 100th birthday.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d photo by Villy Fink Isaksen
  2. ↑ Niels Laurits Andreas Høyen (1798–1870), who is considered the first Danish art historian and art critic, took a very nationalist position in the assessment of Danish art. His writings and lectures were very influential and he sponsored many young Danish artists in the Golden Age.
  3. ↑ The Neuhausenske Præmier, named after the founder Jens Neuhausen (1774–1816), a painter and former student of the Art Academy, is an award in the form of a scholarship, the first of which was awarded in 1838.
  4. ^ Anna Ancher & Co. - Eleverne fra Vilhelm Kyhns Malerskole for Kvinder 1865–95. Sophienholm, Lyngby , accessed January 17, 2017 (Danish).
  5. ↑ Vilhelm Kyhn. Skanderborg Leksikon, accessed January 17, 2017 (Danish).
  6. ↑ Kyhns Minde. Skanderborg Leksikon, accessed January 17, 2017 (Danish).
  7. ^ Vilhelm Kyhn: Dansk Kunst og Kunstudstillingen på Charlottenborg: Nogle Betragtninger. Karl Schønbergs Forlag, Copenhagen, 1876
  8. ↑ a b Auctioneer over værker af Vilhelm Kyhn. October 1903, Copenhagen, with an introduction by Karl Madsen , o. S. ( kunstbib.dk ).
  9. ↑ Foreningen for National Art: Vilh. Kyhn 1819–1903 Hundredaarsudstilling et Udvalg af hans Werker. Nordisk Bogtrykkeri, Copenhagen 1919, with an introduction by P. Johansen (PDF, from p. 29).
  10. ^ Vilhelm Kyhn & det danske landskab. (See also web links)
personal data
SURNAME Kyhn, Vilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kyhn, Peter Vilhelm Carl (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish landscape painter
DATE OF BIRTH March 30, 1819
PLACE OF BIRTH Copenhagen
DATE OF DEATH May 11, 1903
Place of death Frederiksberg