Villa Rustica (Brombach)

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Roman estate in Brombach with a view to the northwest

The Villa Rustica von Brombach is a former Roman manor ( Villa rustica ) in the district of Brombach , a district of the city of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg ( Germany ). The remains discovered at the end of the 1970s in the "Wellental" area come from a Roman estate that was built in the 2nd century AD and burned down in the 3rd century AD. The Roman ruins are protected as a registered cultural monument within the meaning of the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . The original owner sold the site to the city of Lörrach. The foundations of Villa Rustica have been exposed and preserved. Finds from an ancient manor are shown in the three-country museum.

Research history

Blades of chopping and cutting knives from the estate, collection of the Dreiländermuseum

In 1979 Gerhard Billmann and Hermann Ziereisen found the foundation walls of a Roman villa. According to the expert opinion of the archaeologist Erhard Richter from Grenzach-Wyhlen , the State Monuments Office of Baden-Württemberg issued a permit for further excavation work, which began on March 28, 1981 under Richter's direction. The excavation work, which lasted until 1983, was accompanied by residents of Brombach and Grenzach-Wyhlen. Since the farm stretched over three different pieces of land, the city bought it from the owners through the efforts of the then Lord Mayor Egon Hugenschmidt . After the remains were uncovered, the excavation site was officially handed over to the city in 1984. In addition to the foundation walls of the courtyard, which has a cellar, the group of archaeologists also found food supplies that had been preserved by fire and the remains of agricultural implements, hunting weapons and other artefacts . These can be viewed in the three-country museum and in the museum for prehistory and early history in the Colombischlössle in Freiburg im Breisgau . The entire complex served several purposes, but was mainly used for residential purposes.

Due to the reddening of the cellar walls and debris, it is assumed that the destruction of the property in the 3rd century was a fire, the cause of which is unknown. The time of the destruction coincides with the invasion of the Alamanni behind the Limes ( Limesfall ). After the destruction there was no reconstruction.

Location and description

Floor plan and isometric reconstruction of Villa Rustica

The Brombacher Villa Rustica is located 365 meters above sea level on a slight slope in the wave valley, almost 400 meters south-southeast of the Brombacher housing estate in Bühl on an open meadow property that is accessible to the public. A board on site provides information about the excavation site. Signs starting from the village center of Brombach mark the way to the remains of the villa.

The Roman estate in Brombach was rather small and simple compared to comparable buildings. Due to the lack of mosaic floors , murals and fragments of columns, it is believed that the residents were not rich people. The entire rectangular area is oriented to the north and measures in the floor plan 15 meters wide and 16.25 meters long. To the north was the entrance to the courtyard, which led to an inner courtyard. On the southern edge of the complex was the economic area, which was divided into three rooms. This area led down the valley via a small staircase to the somewhat lower, narrow, rectangular cellar. This was located on the eastern edge of the facility and has a floor plan of 14 meters by 3.1 meters. Above was the living area. The individual rooms are still comprehensible today thanks to the approximately 20 centimeters thick and up to 1.30 meter high foundation walls.

literature

Web links

Commons : Villa rustica (Lörrach-Brombach)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dreiländermuseum: remains of 14 wild apples from the Roman villa , accessed on March 14, 2012.
  2. ^ Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, Landkreis Lörrach (ed.): Der Landkreis Lörrach , Volume II (Kandern to Zell im Wiesental), Jan Thorbecke Verlag Sigmaringen 1994, ISBN 3-7995-1354-X , p. 130.
  3. ↑ Barbara Ruda: When Brombach was Roman . In: Badische Zeitung of November 12, 2011; Retrieved March 14, 2012.

Coordinates: 47 ° 37 '29.7 "  N , 7 ° 42' 10.7"  E