Villa Rustica (Burgweinting)

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Woman's skull from Brunnen I with scalping incision marks above the right eye socket

The Villa Rustica Burgweinting is the name of a Roman estate ( Villa rustica ) near Burgweinting-Harting , a district of Regensburg , in Bavaria . The remains of the villa rustica that were found are dated to the third and fourth centuries AD.

Roman antiquities came to light at the site as early as 1830. However, the first excavations did not take place until 1911 to 1912 and then again in 1915 and 1916.

The villa is surrounded by a 400 meter long wall and forms an irregular rectangle. There was a gate to the south. Nine buildings could be excavated within the walled area, but they were certainly not in operation at the same time, two other buildings can be recognized by aerial photographs. In the north stood the actual villa, it had, among other things, two rooms with hypocausts and another room with a basement. In the south there were other buildings that apparently primarily served economic purposes. Pavement could be observed in several places within the courtyard.

In the villa there was a pit with tableware ( terra sigillata ) from the first century. To the northwest of the villa there is a small cemetery from the beginning of the second century. Directly to the east there were the areas of two further Roman villas. It is not known whether the cemetery is only connected to these two villas or whether a previous building existed on the site of the complex discussed here in the 2nd century. A special find was a clay roof attachment in the form of a two-story round tower.

Bones found in the villa's well point to Alemannic raids in the 3rd century. The hammered skulls of the presumably Roman estate family had been partially scalped.

The complex of the villa is visible today through a planting on the surface, while the remains of the two neighboring villas were destroyed during the construction of a new building area after their archaeological research.

Monument protection

The ancient buildings treated here are ground monuments according to the Bavarian Monument Protection Act (BayDSchG). Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

literature

  • Karlheinz Dietz , Udo Osterhaus, Sabine Rickhoff-Pauli, Konrad Spindler: Regensburg during Roman times , Regensburg 1979, ISBN 3-7917-0599-7 , pp. 261-264.
  • Sabine Rickhoff-Pauli: Archaeological Museum in the BMW Regensburg plant . Ed .: Bayerische Motoren Werke AG. Archaeological Museum, Regensburg 1987, ISBN 3-921114-91-8 .
  • Joachim Zuber: Every year in April. 12 years of archaeological excavations in Burgweinting. In: Contributions to the preservation of monuments in Regensburg for the years 2003 to 2005 (= preservation of monuments in Regensburg. Volume 10). Universitätsverlag Regensburg, Regensburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-930480-95-1 , pp. 31–59, here pp. 46–49.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In detail on the skull: Alexander Demandt , Josef Engemann (ed.): Imperator Flavius ​​Constantinus. Constantine the Great. Exhibition catalog Trier 2007, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 2007, ISBN 978-3-8053-3688-8 , CD supplement, catalog number I.3.8 (with further references).

Coordinates: 48 ° 59 ′ 22 ″  N , 12 ° 8 ′ 7 ″  E