Suburb (history)
The title suburb referred to the temporary "chairmanship" of a canton or the canton capital within the Swiss Confederation until 1848. The Hanseatic League also owned a suburb or several of them .
Suburb in the old Swiss Confederation until 1798
In the Old Confederacy was until 1798 one place (as, Canton) having a Diet convened and this was in the chair, called a suburb. In the 15th century, the city of Zurich actually asserted itself as a suburb of the Swiss Confederation, which is still reflected today by Zurich's first place in the official list of cantons. The position of Zurich was strengthened in particular by its chairmanship in the annual meeting for the approval of the annual accounts of the County of Baden . After the Reformation and the confessional split in the Confederation, Lucerne became a suburb of the Catholic cantons. In 1798 the daily statute and with it the title of the suburb was abolished. The centrally organized Helvetic Republic had its capital first in Aarau , then in Lucerne and finally in Bern .
Swiss suburbs 1803–1848
After the reorganization of Switzerland by Napoleon, the centralized form of government in Switzerland was abandoned in the mediation constitution of 1803 in favor of a more federalist form. Instead of the capital Bern (previously Aarau or Lucerne ), the cities of Zurich , Bern, Lucerne, Freiburg im Üechtland , Solothurn and Basel were to become the “suburbs of Switzerland” for one year. The annual meeting of the cantons took place in the suburbs. The respective mayor or mayor of the relevant directorate canton chaired the agenda and was given the title of «Landammann der Schweiz». As the only permanent institution in Switzerland, the law firm moved every year from suburb to suburb with all files. In 1815 the selection of the suburbs was narrowed down to Zurich, Bern and Lucerne, which until 1847 became the seat of the federal chancellery for two years each. In 1848 Bern became the seat of the Swiss federal authorities and de facto the capital of Switzerland.
Suburbs of the German Hanseatic League
In the Hanseatic League, a distinction was made between individual city alliances, the so-called "thirds". The main suburb of the entire Hanseatic League was Lübeck. Within the Hanseatic League, a distinction was made between the Lübeck-Saxon, the Westphalian-Prussian and the Gotland-Livonian cities. Every “third” had a suburb. At the beginning these were Lübeck , Dortmund and Visby .
Obviously it was advantageous to be the leading city within a third, because soon there were internal disputes about the division and management of the thirds. Cologne replaced Dortmund in the leadership of the Westphalian-Prussian third, between Visby and Riga the leadership role in the Gotland-Livonian third changed several times. The importance of Lübeck at that time is also evident from the fact that the leadership role of the city in the most powerful third of Lübeck-Saxon was never attacked.
See also
literature
- Martin Körner: Suburb. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Individual evidence
- ^ Andreas Fankhauser: Helvetic Republic. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .