Soft rose

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Soft rose
Soft rose (Rosa mollis), illustration

Soft rose ( Rosa mollis ), illustration

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Section : Dog roses ( Caninae )
Type : Soft rose
Scientific name
Rosa mollis
Sm.

The Soft Rose ( Rosa mollis ) is a plant from the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). It is widespread from Europe to West Asia .

description

Appearance and leaf

The soft rose grows as an independently upright shrub and reaches heights of up to 1 meter. The bark of the branches is reddish and frosted. The spines are uniform, thin and fairly straight.

The alternate leaves are arranged in a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blade is pinnate unpaired with five or seven leaflets. The leaflets are 1 to 3.5 centimeters long, more elliptical than those of Rosa villosa , double serrated. The upper side of the leaflets is hairy and the underside is silky hairy and has few to many glandular hairs. The terminal leaflet is no more than 3 centimeters long.

Flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from June to July. The flowers are solitary or up to four together. The flower stalks, the flower cup and the rose hips have only a few glandular bristles and no spiky bristles. The hermaphroditic flowers have a diameter of 4 to 5 centimeters and are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are somewhat pinnate, glandular-bristled and, after anthesis, still present on the rose hip. The five free petals are pink. The relatively short stylus have a relatively wide stylus channel with a width of usually around 1.6 (1.2 to 2.2) millimeters.

The fruit stalk is sometimes only sparsely covered with stalked glands. The scarlet rose hips , which usually do not droop when ripe, are spherical and 1 to 1.5 centimeters in diameter. The rose hip is crowned by the five upright, durable sepals.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 7; there is tetraploidy , i.e. 2n = 28.

Occurrence and endangerment

The soft rose occurs in Europe (with the exception of the Apennine Peninsula) in Turkey and in Western Asia . There are localities in Europe in Portugal , Spain , France , England, Ireland , on the Faroe Islands, in Belgium , Denmark , Norway , Sweden , Finland , in the Baltic States, in the European part of Russia , in the Ukraine , in the Caucasus , the Transcaucasus , in Switzerland , Germany , Poland , Albania and in the former Yugoslavia . The main distribution area of the Rosa mollis is Scandinavia . In Germany there are individual finds in Lower Bavaria (inconsistent), in southwestern Franconia (inconsistent), on the Vogelsberg , near Gießen and in Lusatia.

The soft rose is considered not endangered in Germany's 1996 Red List of Endangered Species. It is threatened with extinction in the German federal states of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein .

Rosa mollis has become extinct in large parts of Switzerland and is only found in the western central Alps in the canton of Valais ; it is considered endangered there.

It prefers dry, nutrient-rich , stony slopes, pastures and forest edges as locations .

Systematics

The first description of Rosa mollis was made in 1812 by James Edward Smith in Smith and Sowerby: English Botany , Volume 35, 2459. board synonyms for Rosa mollis Sm. Are: Rosa pomifera subsp. mollis (Sm.) Christ , Rosa villosa subsp. mollis (Sm.) Hook. f. , Rosa dubitabilis Lindstr. , Rosa heldreichii Boiss. & Reut. , Rosa huteri Heinr.Braun , Rosa mollissima Fr. non Willd. , Rosa pulchella Woods non Willd. Boiss , Rosa ruprechtii . , Rosa zakatalensis Gadzh. , Rosa kitaibelii Borbás .

Rosa mollis belongs to the sub-section Vestitae (also called felt roses) from the Caninae section in the sub-genus Rosa within the genus Rosa . Closely related European species from the sub-section felt roses ( Vestitae ) are soft rose ( Rosa mollis ), velvet rose ( Rosa sherardii ) and apple rose ( Rosa villosa ). Rosa mollis is morphologically very similar to the closely related Rosa villosa and can form hybrids with it in the Swiss Valais , for example .

Common names in other languages

Common names in other languages ​​are: in French: Rosier à feuilles molles; in Italian: Rosa a foglie flosce.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Soft Rose. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of woody plants: Determination, properties and use. 4th edition, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 2014, ISBN 978-3-8001-8246-6 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f data sheet at InfoFlora, the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
  4. ↑ Rosa mollis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ↑ a b Datasheet with distribution in Bavaria with profiles on the vascular plants of Bavaria of the Botanical Information Node Bavaria .
  6. ↑ S. Klotz, I. Kühn, W. Durka (Eds.), 2002: Data sheet at BiolFlor - A database on biological-ecological characteristics of vascular plants in Germany .
  7. ↑ a b c data sheet felt roses with soft rose (Rosa mollis) at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ) by Thomas Meyer.
  8. ↑ a b Brief information on Rosa mollis / Rosa villosa from the University of Giessen.
  9. ^ A b Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Plant world of Germany .
  10. ↑ Rosa mollis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 22, 2014.
  11. ↑ Rosa mollis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
  12. ^ Arto Kurtto, 2009: Rosaceae (pro parte majore). Datasheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  13. ↑ Alexandra Kellner, Christiane M. Ritz, Volker Wissemann: Low genetic and morphological differentiation in the European species complex of Rosa sherardii, R. mollis and R. villosa (Rosa section Caninae subsection Vestitae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 174, 2014, pp. 240-256. Full text online.

Web links

Commons : Weiche Rose ( Rosa mollis )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files