Wiedingharde

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The Wiedingharde (outlined in yellow in the middle of the map) on a map from 1659 in the Atlas Maior

The Wiedingharde ( Danish : Viding Herred ) is a former lower administrative district ( Harde ) in North Friesland in the Duchy of Schleswig . The villages of Rodenäs , Aventoft , Klanxbüll , Neukirchen and Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll belong to the Wiedingharde .

The current name, which is derived from the river Wiedau , which borders the Harde to the north, has only been passed down since the 17th century. In the Middle Ages the Harde was called Horsebuheret (Horsbüllharde).

history

While the North Frisian Geest was already settled in the Neolithic Age, the earliest traces of settlements in the Wiedingharde point to the migration period . These first settlements were in the area of ​​Emmelsbüll-Horsbüll and were initially on flat ground, but over time they grew into large wharves . The immigrating Frisians in the early Middle Ages then specifically built settlements on rows of terps. The origin of the Harden as administrative units of the Uthlande probably goes back to the Viking Age .

middle Ages

Today's Wiedingharde was first mentioned as Horsebuheret in 1231 in the earth book of the Danish King Waldemar Sejr after the then central place Horsbüll . In the course of the Middle Ages more and more land was lost to storm surges, until only one island was left, the former center of which was now on the western edge. This island, however, had a natural connection in the northeast via several sand islands through the silted up watt to the mainland. According to a regulation of King Erik Manved towards the end of the 13th century, this connection was to be reinforced by a dam on which market and court days were to take place. A remnant of this dam was later incorporated into the Brunottenkoog dyke. There was also a land connection to the Bökingharde at this time.

1359 put Waldemar Atterday instead of a local Hardevogts the Kaperkapitän Waldemar Zappy, who in his service Hanseatic ships attacked when Staller (administrator) about the Wiedingharde one to prevent it rose like the Bökingharde against him.

The Second Marcellus Flood in 1362 probably drowned three churches in the west of the Wiedingharde, of which only Wippenbüll is named. To protect it, the residents surrounded the remaining land in 1436 with a continuous dike , the so-called Golden Ring , which is still preserved today as a dike around the Old Wiedingharder Koog . This dike - incidentally the first all-round dike for a Koog - made intensive agriculture possible for the first time. The village of Neukirchen, which is relatively protected on terps to the east, was left out.

During the rule of Count Heinrich IV in Holstein in the Duchy of Schleswig, representatives of the Wiedingharde, Bökingharde, von Strand , Sylt and Föhr gathered in 1426 and recorded the siege of Siebenharden . The legal record said they wanted to keep their legal autonomy. The Siebenhardenbelichtung remained in force until it was replaced in 1572 by the Nordstrander Landrecht, which in turn was only replaced by the civil code in 1900 .

Dikes and storm surges

When the Gotteskoog was dyed in 1566, the Wiedingharde again belonged to the mainland and was relatively safe from storm surges, at least from the east. The new Koog, especially the northern part belonging to the Wiedingharde, could be settled and farmed on a large scale, but only after drainage in the 1920s.

Stack dike as it was built in the 16th century where no foreshore longer existed

In 1615, the northernmost village, Rickelsbüll , west of the Golden Ring , went down with half of its inhabitants in a storm surge after it had been flooded several times in the previous decades. The other Wiedinghard villages had refused the Rickelsbüllers help with the repair of their dyke as well as the settlement in their communities. Instead, she had reinforced the golden ring . The church's furnishings can be found in the churches of Rodenäs and Galmsbüll . The Rickelsbüller Koog is named after Rickelsbüll . In the same year, in the north-east of the Harde, the land growth in the bay between the old Koog and Gotteskoog was dyed to Brunottenkoog , and three years later the Emmelsbüller Kleiner Koog was dyed .

The Wiedingharde got off quite lightly at the Second Groten Mandränke . Only 143 people lost their lives. Nevertheless, the economy went downhill in the 17th century. In 1681 the Christian-Albrechts-Koog was diked. Wiedinghard farmers also participated in the Oktroy and received new land. Since 1692 the old Friedrichenkoog secured the land in the north. During the Christmas flood in 1717 , the Harde was completely flooded. How many human lives this flood in the Wiedingharde area cost is not known.

After the beginning of the 19th century Wiedingharder dike was reinforced taught the holm flood 1825 no damage. However, the consequences of the Napoleonic Wars together with several bad harvests led to more than 70 farms going bankrupt between 1827 and 1829. Many emigrated to America. In 1830 the “golden decades” began for agriculture.

After the Prussian annexation

With the annexation of Schleswig-Holstein by Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War in 1867, the Harde was converted into a Hardesvogtei and finally dissolved with the formation of the districts in 1889. The new districts of Emmelsbüll and Neukirchen were incorporated into the Tondern district.

In the referendum in Schleswig after the First World War, the Wiedingharde belonged to Zone II of the voting area . Some of the municipalities voted for Germany with a very large majority. The villages of Ruttebüll , Seth and Uberg , which had been part of the Neukirchen district since 1889 , were in Zone I and fell to Denmark, although a majority had decided to remain with Germany.

In 1925, in connection with the construction of the Hindenburg dam, the Neue Wiedingharder Koog with a usable area of ​​260 hectares and the Dreieckskoog with 62 hectares were also diked. When the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog was dyed in 1954, the old dike between the old and new Wiedingharder Koog was removed to serve as material for the new sea dike. Therefore, the New Wiedingharder Koog can no longer be recognized as a Koog. The new community Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog became part of the Emmelsbüll office.

In 1967 the offices of Emmelsbüll and Neukirchen merged to form the office of Wiedingharde , an office in the district of North Friesland , which was named after Harde. In 2008 the office of Wiedingharde was added to the office of Südtondern .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ However, there have not yet been any major archaeological investigations in the Wiedingharde ( Südtondern puzzles researchers on shz.de on February 14, 2014 (accessed on March 24, 2015))
  2. ^ History of settlement ( Memento from July 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (LancewadPlan project)
  3. ^ Albert Panten: The North Frisians in the Middle Ages. In: History of North Friesland. ISBN 3-8042-0759-6 , pp. 57-102
  4. ^ Otto Fischer: North Friesland. Berlin 1955, p. 25f.
  5. ^ Nicolas Peters, Mathias Peters: Kaart van Noord-Friesland in Sleeswijk (Duitsland) in 1651 (left) en 1240 (right) . Historical map from the holdings of the Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum , Amsterdam. Husum 1664 ( Kaart van Noord-Friesland in Sleeswijk [accessed May 24, 2010] Original title: FRISIA BOREALIS IN DVCATV SLESWICENSI sive FRISIA CIMBRICA Anno 1651; FRISIA BOREALIS IN DVCATV SLESWICENSI Anno 1240. Frisia Cimbrica Antiqu .).
  6. ^ History of Klanxbüll
  7. ^ Christian Rothgiesser: Kaart van Tønder in 1648 . Historical map from the holdings of the Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum , Amsterdam. Husum 1664 ( Kaart van Tønder in 1648 [accessed on May 24, 2010] Original title: PRAEFECTVRA TONDERN sine Lundtofft herd Anno 1648. ).
  8. ↑ Dirk Meier: The damage caused by the Christmas flood of 1717 on the North Sea coast of Schleswig-Holstein . In: The Coast 78 (2011), pp. 259–292; Pp. 271-273
  9. ↑ Thomas Steensen: 19th and 20th centuries. In: History of North Frisia. P. 205ff.