Zadok (priest)

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Zadok was a in the 10th century BC. Living Jewish priest who is mentioned several times in the Old Testament of the Bible .

etymology

The Hebrew personal name צָדוֹק ṣādōq "Zadok" is the short form of a verb sentence name, the subject (and at the same time theophoric element) has been omitted. The predicate is from the root of the verbצדק ṣdq , German 'just to be' can be derived, the name can therefore be translated as “(God) is just”. Alternatively, a one-word name (consisting of an adjective) could also be used, in which case the translation would be “fair”. The Septuagint gives the name as Σαδωκ Sadōk , the Vulgate as Sadoc .

Biblical narration

The biblical Zadok was the son of Ahitub , a descendant of Eleazar , the third son of Aaron who helped David ( 2 Sam 8.17  EU ; 1 Chr 12.28  EU ). According to the biblical narrative , Zadok helped Israel to bring the ark of the covenant , after it was lost to the Philistines in the battle of Eben-Ezer , from the house of Obed-Edom in Gat to Jerusalem ( 1 Chr 15.11-13  EU ). After that, Zadok continued to exercise his office for a while in Gibeon, where the tabernacle was located ( 1 Chr 16.39  EU ). Zadok also supported David against Absalom ( 2 Sam 15.24–36  EU ; 17.15 EU ). He carried out the anointing of Solomon on David's instruction ( 1 Kings 1,7f  EU ). King Solomon made Zadok high priest in place of Abiatar , who had previously sided with Adonias ( 1 Kings 2,35  EU ).

Zadok and his successors served in the first temple that Solomon built until it was destroyed in 587 BC. In the second temple the Zadocids provided the service of high priest until 171 BC. They were also priests at the Jewish Temple in Leontopolis in Egypt and served in Jerusalem until the destruction by the Romans under Titus in the year 70.

Zadok was one of the ancestors of the prophet Esra ( Esr 7.1–6  EU ).

reception

George Frideric Handel's coronation hymn Zadok the priest , about the anointing of Solomon by Zadok and the prophet Nathan , has been used in the coronation of every British monarch since 1727, most recently in 1953. UEFA uses a modification of the coronation hymn for the UEFA Champions League .

See also

literature

  • MC Tenney: Names and Terms in the Bible. Zondervan, 1970.
  • The New Bible Dictionary. Inter-Varsity Press, 1974.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Rechenmacher : Old Hebrew names , Münster 2012, p. 127.
personal data
SURNAME Zadok
BRIEF DESCRIPTION jewish priest
DATE OF BIRTH 10th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 10th century BC Chr.