Liostrea
| Liostrea Temporal range: early Triassic - Cenomanian
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|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Ostreida |
| Family: | Gryphaeidae |
| Subfamily: | †Gryphaeinae |
| Genus: | †Liostrea Douvillé, 1904 |
Liostrea is a genus of extinct oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Gryphaeidae.[1]
These fossils range from the early Triassic Period[2] to the Cenomanian Epoch of the late Cretaceous Period and were widely distributed geographically. They were encrusting organisms, attaching firmly to the substrate on their left shell, and were important Jurassic reef-forming organisms. The species L. erina[3] and L. roemeri[4] attached themselves to living ammonoids.
Liostrea formed abundant ostreoliths (concretions composed of encrusting organisms) on the hardgrounds of the Jurassic Carmel Formation in southwestern Utah.[5]
Liostrea may be the earliest oyster lineage, with possible examples attached to ammonoids of the earliest Triassic. This suggests oysters emerged and rapidly diversified in the wake of the Permian-Triassic extinction event.[2]
Selected species[edit]
- L. erina d'Orbigny[3]
- L. oxiana Romer[3]
- L. plastica Trautschold)[3]
- L. roemeri Quenstedt, 1843[4]
- L. saratoviensis Ivanov 2001[6]
- L. volgensis Ivanov 2001[6]
References[edit]
- ^ Vokes, Harold E. (1980). Genera of the Bivalvia: A Systematic and Bibliographic Catalogue. Paleontological Research Institute. ISBN 978-0877103783.
- ^ a b Hautmann, Michael; Ware, David; Bucher, Hugo (1 August 2017). "Geologically oldest oysters were epizoans on Early Triassic ammonoids". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 83 (3): 253–260. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyx018.
- ^ a b c d Ros-Franch, S.; Márquez-Aliaga, A.; Damborenea, S.E. (10 April 2014). "Comprehensive database on Induan (Lower Triassic) to Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) marine bivalve genera and their paleobiogeographic record". Paleontological Contributions. 8: 1–219. doi:10.17161/PC.1808.13433. hdl:11336/84503. S2CID 82595160.
- ^ a b Zell, Patrick; Beckmann, Seija; Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang (September 2014). "Liostrea roemeri (Ostreida, Bivalvia) attached to Upper Jurassic ammonites of northeastern Mexico". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 94 (3): 439–451. doi:10.1007/s12549-014-0154-z. S2CID 140573059.
- ^ Wilson, Mark A.; Ozanne, Colin R.; Palmer, Timothy J. (February 1998). "Origin and Paleoecology of Free-Rolling Oyster Accumulations (Ostreoliths) in the Middle Jurassic of Southwestern Utah, USA". PALAIOS. 13 (1): 70. Bibcode:1998Palai..13...70W. doi:10.2307/3515282. JSTOR 3515282.
- ^ a b Ivanov, AV (1 Jan 2001). "New oysters of the genus Liostrea from the Santonian of the Lower Volga Region". Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal. 35 (1): 16–17. ISSN 0031-031X.
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