Poor association

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Poor associations were public corporations (special purpose associations) that were set up, committed and recognized in the German Reich as organs of public poor relief . Local poor associations were formed as initially obliged organs, which, except in Bavaria , Heligoland and Alsace-Lorraine , could consist of one or more communities or manor districts. Rural poor associations, on the other hand, are usually larger districts consisting of several local poor associations. In exceptional cases, the rural poor association could also limit itself to the district of only one local poor association.

Local poor and rural poor associations

The associations for the poor were established on the basis of the law on support residence of June 6, 1870. Where spatially delimited associations for the poor had not yet existed, these had to be established by July 1, 1871. By the same date, each property that did not belong to a local poor association either had to be added to an adjacent local poor association or independently set up as a local poor association.

The public support of those in need, which no local poor association was finally obliged to bear (the rural poor), was incumbent on the rural poor associations. In order to fulfill this obligation, each federal state either had to take over the functions of the rural poor association directly by July 1, 1871, or, where such had not yet existed, to set up special, spatially delimited rural poor associations.

The local and rural poor associations stood on an equal footing in the pursuit of their rights. If a federal state had taken over the functions of the rural poor association directly, it was equal to the rural poor associations in all of the circumstances regulated by this law.

The state laws determined:

  • on the composition and establishment of the local poor associations and rural poor associations,
  • on the type and extent of public support to be granted in the event of need,
  • about the procurement of the necessary funds, about the cases and in which way the local poor associations are to be granted aid from the rural poor associations or from other bodies,
  • whether and to what extent the rural poor associations are allowed to use the local poor associations as their organs for public support of those in need.

Disputes between various associations of the poor were settled through legal action, and the Federal Office for the Homeland System was set up as the highest court of last instance at the Reich level.

If the state laws determined the rural poor associations for individual branches of poor relief, the duties and rights of the local poor associations were transferred to them.

Organizational structures of the rural poor associations

In addition to the local poor associations at the municipality or manor district level, the following rural poor associations existed (status 1908).

Prussia

  • Provincial wards: represented by the provincial local government
  • Administrative districts: Kassel, Wiesbaden, Sigmaringen
  • Districts: the 37 districts of East Prussia, the district of the Duchy of Lauenburg
  • Cities: Berlin, Breslau, Königsberg (also local poor associations)

Württemberg

  • 63 administrative districts
  • City of Stuttgart

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  • 11 circles

Hesse

  • 18 circles

Mecklenburg-Strelitz

  • Stargardian Circle
  • Principality of Ratzeburg

Oldenburg

  • Duchy of Oldenburg
    • 12 administrative offices
    • City of Oldenburg
    • Office of Landwürden (municipality of Dedesdorf )
  • Principality of Lübeck
  • Principality of Birkenfeld

Saxony-Meiningen

  • the circles

Waldeck

  • the circles

Other states

  • the states directly

Functions

As bearers of the burden of the poor , the costs for poor relief , the poor associations mainly had the following tasks:

  • Expenditures for people in need of assistance in cash and in kind.
  • Provision of care and accommodation in hospitals, nursing homes and facilities for the disabled.
  • Care for poor children and their placement in homes and foster families.

financing

Most of the funds for these expenses flowed over to the poor associations

  • Foundations,
  • Contributions and voluntary contributions (poor funds)
  • Taxes (so-called poor taxes, poor taxes, police fines)
  • direct grants from the public sector (levies),
  • Aid from the rural poor associations for inefficient local poor associations

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Web links

Wikisource: Support Residence Act. 6 June 1870.  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Federal Law Gazette of the North German Confederation 1870, page 361
  2. ↑ German Reich Law Gazette 1894, p. 261
  3. ↑ Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon, 14th edition, Volume 1, page 906; Leipzig 1908
  4. ↑ Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon, 14th edition, Volume 1, page 906; Leipzig 1908
  5. ↑ Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon, 14th edition, Volume 17, page 74; Leipzig 1910