Education management
Under Education Management (management) activities in educational institutions (kindergarten, school, youth and adult education, corporate training, etc.) be understood with the help of teaching and learning processes initiated, planned, implemented and evaluated. It is basically aimed at a balance between the humanities and social science concept of education and the business processes of their planning, control and evaluation.
Learning process levels
Education management refers to the following three learning process levels:
- organizational in relation to the learning organization
- profession-related to the role of the education manager
- product-related in the context of individual and social legitimacy.
By establishing educational management processes and instruments in an organization, this organization becomes a “learning system” or a “learning organization”. By adapting the internal structures, processes, times and rooms, the information transfer and the control of knowledge transfer should be optimized. This optimization should achieve a new quality through education management.
In relation to their professions, education managers must be aware that the demands of education and management are sometimes in competition. You have to take this into account in your decisions and withstand any conflicts in order to be able to act.
Education management designs the education product on the basis of carefully selected criteria. Whether the product is ultimately rated as “good”, i.e. attractive to potential addressees or organizations, depends, among other things, on current quality standards, cost-benefit considerations or the legal and ethical framework.
Fields of activity
Educational institutions make use of various management theories and methods that are used in other forms of organization. The tasks covered by education management can be divided into two complexes, which can flow into one another in practice: the area of education process management and the area of training company management.
Educational process management
The formation process management structures the core process of any forming means, initiating, design and control of teaching and learning processes within an organizational framework. The central components of the educational process management are the educational needs analysis, the product or program planning, the event, examination, transfer assurance as well as the final evaluation and product / program revision:
- An external market (e.g. unemployed, young people without a school leaving certificate) and internal company conditions (e.g. adaptation to new technologies, etc.) can be the focus of the educational needs analysis. Very specific needs can be analyzed as well as holistic, comprehensive competence profiles.
- The product and program planning takes into account the complex interplay of individual, social and organizational conditions. The spectrum of products to be designed can range from a series of VHS events on the subject of parenting education to full-time language-related integration measures and the development of university courses at doctoral level.
- The event includes all activities for the implementation of the program, for example the commissioning of teaching staff or the selection of adequate teaching materials as well as responsibility for the scheduled process.
- In the examination step , the performance achieved, the reproduced or applied knowledge of a learner is assessed as objectively and validly as possible. An examination should represent an inventory of what the learner has actually learned or understood or what he can implement. It should be able to make a prognostic statement about the newly acquired knowledge and skills of the learner.
- Transfer assurance refers to all activities that can help support the long-term retention, implementation and application of what has been learned. The focus of the considerations is the effectiveness of educational measures. The focus is on how to optimize the entire teaching-learning process so that the learners can apply what they have learned in their everyday work or life.
- When it comes to evaluations and product / program revisions, the spectrum ranges from the empirical examination of individual events to regular further training offers to international school performance comparisons and university rankings. The evaluation methods (e.g. observations, tests, self-assessments) and the degree of their scope are very different. It is important that the focus is on quality assurance and further development of the product.
Education business management
The educational company management includes the control and design of the organizational, personal and financial framework conditions of an educational institution. Central components are: organizational development, human resource management, education financing, education marketing and controlling:
- In the organizational development structural changes are at the educational institution at the center. Whether such changes are necessary is analyzed and decided either by an external provider or by internal organizations.
- The personnel management comprises mainly the areas of vocational aptitude diagnosis, skills assessment and training as well as the motivational support. These measures take into account the individual and their personality on the one hand, and organizational requirements and changes on the other.
- The financing is always a key aspect in the planning and implementation of an educational project - is the area in which it settled independent education organization (for example, in the public or nonprofit sector.). Education managers acquire in-depth knowledge of the financing landscape, the sources of finance and their use.
- In the field of education marketing, on the one hand, it is about public relations work for current and potential customers and, on the other hand, it is about strategic and operational alignment with the needs of the target group.
- The aim of education controlling is to prove and evaluate the income from educational investments according to certain criteria in order to improve the planning, implementation and control of educational measures.
School management
The term school management has emerged for the special tasks of managing (public) schools .
Education as a commodity (criticism)
In the course of a spreading “compulsion to optimize”, the link between the areas of education and management is also viewed critically. Hensel writes: "Everything and everything must be able to be used profitably everywhere and at all times [...] So society atrophies to the market, the life of the individual to the economic process [...] This capitalism process [seeks to] the entire social life, all subsystems, to form all social, cultural and political processes according to exploitation aspects. "
In the course of this criticism, education management has the task of concentrating equally on individual interests, social needs and economic aspects. Education managers must be aware of the sometimes contradicting demands that are made of them and include them rationally in their decisions. Optimizing educational processes and organizations can not only help avoid unnecessary costs, but also improve the quality of education in general.
The external framework conditions but also the internal differentiation and the subject-specific localization of education management are still in flux. However, since the importance of education, knowledge and the generation of knowledge in the private and social sector is constantly increasing, education management will also become increasingly important in the future.
See also
literature
- Behrmann, Detlef: Reflexive education management. Pedagogical perspectives and theoretical management implications of a strategic and development-oriented design of transformation processes in schools and further education . Frankfurt a. M .: Peter Lang, 2006, ISBN 978-3-631-55214-8 .
- Böttcher, Wolfgang; Merchel, Joachim: Introduction to educational and social management . Stuttgart: UTB, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8252-8435-0 .
- Fischbock, Florian: Cockpit education management. An instrument for the qualitative coordination of educational institutions . Marburg: Tectum, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8288-3607-5 .
- Gessler, Michael (ed.): Fields of action in education management. A manual . Münster: Waxmann, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8309-2223-0 .
- Hanft, Anke: Education and Science Management . Munich: Verlag Franz Vahlen, 2008, ISBN 978-3-8006-3468-2 .
- Hensel, Horst: Capital formation and education. Modern capitalism as an instance of socialization . In: PÄD-Forum: teach educate. Volume 37/28, 6/2009, pp. 275-279, ISSN 1430-5399 .
- Huber, Stephan (ed.): Handbook for tax groups. Basics for working in central areas of activity in school management . Cologne: LinkLuchterhand, 2009, ISBN 978-3-472-06756-6 .
- Iberer, Ulrich: Education Management of Blended Learning. Control and design integrated learning concepts . Marburg: Tectum, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8288-2314-3 .
- Marburger, Helga; Griese, Christiane (Ed.): Education Management: A Textbook . Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3486592290 .
- Müller, Ulrich: Education Management - Sketch for an Orienting Framework Model . In: Schweizer, Gerd; Iberians, Ulrich; Keller, Helmut (Ed.): Learning from the difference. Shaping educational processes - driving innovations. Bielefeld: W. Bertelsmann, 2007, pp. 99-122, ISBN 978-3-7639-3574-1 .
- Müller, Ulrich; Iberer, Ulrich: Program development as educational process management . In: Adult Education, Vol. 53, H. 4/2007, pp. 205–209.
- Zech, Rainer: Handbook Management in Further Education . Weinheim: Beltz, 2010, ISBN 978-3-407-36492-0 .