Ground effect (test procedure)

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With ground effect ( English floor effect ) is referred to in empirical studies , such as the empirical social sciences or in psychology , the phenomenon that a measuring method different measured variables same reading assigns because the measured variable is below the range of sensitivity of the method. This is the case, for example, if a psychological test no longer differentiates between low performance of different quality in empirical relative and numerical relative, since both low and medium performance (in the worst case even all performance) are assigned the minimum numerical value and thus the selectivity of the resulting indexes suffers. The ground effect does not only exist in empirical social research, but also in other sciences.

Examples

psychology

A fictitious intelligence test is given , the creators of which claim to be able to reliably cover the intelligence quotient range from 50 to 150 IQ points. The test only consists of several smaller mathematical tests in which the subject is asked to continue the series of numbers given according to logical criteria. The lightest series of numbers have the following form:

  • 2 7 1 8 2 8 1 8 2 8 4 5 9 0
(Solution: 4, 14th decimal place of the Euler number )
  • 6 28 496 8,128 33,550,336
(Answer: 8,589,869,056, sixth perfect number )
  • 146511208 472335975 534494836
(Answer: 912985153, last nine-digit Armstrong number )
  • Etc.

Since these tests will probably not be able to be solved by many test participants, even those with a strong intelligence, unless they have any subject-specific university knowledge of mathematics , and test subjects with low intelligence are likely to have problems, almost all people will probably achieve a very low score in this test. The test results of the most thus reach the "bottom" ( english floor ) and the desired significance damaged.

physics

Mercury thermometers can reliably measure the temperature in a temperature range from −38 ° C to 350 ° C. Mercury freezes below −38 ° C and no longer exhibits the desired expansion behavior . So if it is colder than −38 ° C, the thermometer shows a constant, incorrect value.

It is more common in physics that the accuracy of an instrument is insufficient to distinguish between similar but different values.

See also

literature

  • Bortz & Döring (2005). Research methods and evaluation (p. 182). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-41940-3