Bulk process

The bulk method is a method of meteorological modeling of the energy exchange determination. The following simplifications are assumed (so-called bulk approach ):

• there is a uniform (linear) gradient within the layer.
• one only uses the parameters that result at the upper or lower layer boundary.

Strictly speaking, this method can only be used over open, smooth water surfaces , since the gradient up to the water surface can be determined here. In contrast, this is no longer possible using plants or other elements that create roughness. Therefore, the first layer of the atmosphere is often viewed from a certain distance from the documents, usually twice the stand height.

literature

• Thomas Foken: Applied Meteorology. Micrometeorological methods . 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 2006. ISBN 978-3-540-38204-1 .