Emission quotas
The term emission quotas comes from noise pollution control . The Federal Immission Control Act forms the basis of noise pollution control . Section 50 of this Act regulates the principles to be observed in planning of significant space. According to this, sound-emitting uses and building areas worthy of protection are to be arranged in such a way that noise emissions are reduced to the lowest possible level. This principle is also known as the principle of separation .
The principle of separation cannot always be satisfied in the case of urban land use planning . If noise-emitting industrial or commercial areas are to be designated in the vicinity of residential areas, it is not always possible to maintain sufficient safety distances. Then there is the possibility of establishing compatibility by restricting the noise emissions of the industrial or commercial areas. These restrictions can be implemented using emission quotas. The possible sound power level based on the square meter of the property is limited upwards. When formulating the textual stipulations and the presentation in the plan, the requirement of certainty must be observed. The development plan must clearly state which area the emission quotas relate to, what amount they have, which dispersion calculation is used to determine the immission-side level proportions of the individual sub-areas (so-called immission quotas) and, as in later approval procedures, the compatibility of projects with the emission quotas should be checked.
The procedure for the allocation of emissions is described in DIN 45691. Emission quotas can be understood as extensive fictitious sound sources. They are set within the planning area under consideration. This avoids cross-plan stipulations. Using a dispersion calculation specified in DIN 45691, the emission quotas are linked with immission quotas at the residential development outside the planning area. By setting an upper limit for noise emissions for a sub-area within the planning area, the upper limit of the permissible noise emissions for this sub-area at immission locations outside the planning area is obtained. These immission contingents form the basis for the assessment of noise emissions from later projects in the sub-area under consideration. For approval of projects, the immissions of the planned project must be forecast at the immission locations of the surrounding residential development and with the immission contingents of the sub-area in which the project is located to be compared. If the immissions of the planned project fall below the emission contingents, there are no concerns about the project for reasons of noise protection. It complies with the planning law of the development plan with regard to noise pollution control.