Flow hose

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Theoretical distribution of the magnetic flux density in different materials

A flux tube is an area in a type II superconductor in which magnetic field lines are guided through the superconductor. In the core of the flow tube there is a small area in which the material is not superconducting. The formation of this normally conducting area, together with the lowering of the Cooper pair density in the surrounding area, requires energy . A type II superconductor is characterized by the fact that the energy gain is compensated for by the non-existent displacement of the magnetic field . Due to the quantum mechanical nature of the superconducting state, the magnetic flux through a flux tube is always equal to the flux quantum .

The penetration of flux hoses into the superconductor enables the generation of much higher magnetic fields than with type I superconductors. Any movement of the flux tubes in the superconductor can, however, lead to energy losses and thus produce an electrical resistance other than zero , although a supercurrent is flowing. In order to avoid this, the flow tubes can be fixed to defects in the crystal lattice of the superconductor, the so-called pinning centers .

Distribution of flow hoses in PbIn at 1K

Pinning of river tubes at grain boundaries